November 11 was a devastating day as Pakistan suffered three major militant attacks targeting a court in Islamabad, a cadet college and a military convoy in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa’s South Waziristan and Dera Ismail Khan districts, respectively.

In 2024, Pakistan’s internal security landscape became more volatile, fluid and complex. As militant attacks surge by 70 percent as compared to 2023, four trends have crystallized which will remain major security challenges for Pakistan in 2025.