UNITED NATIONS: The United States on Wednesday threatened to oppose the renewal of a UN peacekeeping mission to Abyei, a disputed region between war-torn Sudan and South Sudan, unless both sides uphold a 2011 peace deal.
At a UN Security Council meeting, the US ambassador laid down Washington’s conditions for renewing the mandate of the United Nations Interim Security Force for Abyei (UNISFA), which expires on November 15.
“We recognize Sudan and South Sudan are facing historic and significant internal challenges and instability. It does not absolve authorities of their responsibility to implement their key commitments under the 2011 peace agreement,” Mike Waltz told the Security Council.
“Sudan and South Sudan must now uphold their commitment to the 2011 peace agreement and UNISFA’s mandate to secure the United States support of this renewal,” he said.
To secure Washington’s support for an extended UNISFA mandate, the neighboring countries need to ensure that Abyei is a demilitarized zone, establish temporary administrative and security arrangements such as a joint Abyei police force, and determine the region’s final status, Waltz said.
Abyei’s status has remained unresolved since South Sudan gained independence and became a nation in 2011.
Clashes are frequent in the oil-rich border region between the two countries, where several thousand UN peacekeepers are deployed under UNISFA’s auspices.
Sudan is in the grips of a vicious civil war.
Abyei is supposed to be a demilitarized zone but UN officials have voiced concern about the presence of South Sudanese forces, as well as Sudanese paramilitaries from the Rapid Support Forces (RSF), who have been engaged in a power struggle in Sudan since 2023.
“The people of Abyei have been waiting 14 years for the establishment of the temporary administrative and security arrangements, including the Joint Abyei police service and a determination of Abyei’s final status,” Waltz said on Wednesday.
The inaction of Sudan and South Sudan and the deliberate undermining of the peace agreement “raises serious doubts for the United States about continuing its support for UNISFA’s mandate, unless Sudan and South Sudan demonstrate immediate and tangible progress,” the American ambassador warned.
Since President Donald Trump returned to the White House in January, the United States has been outspoken in its criticism of the UN and significantly reduced its contribution to the UN peacekeeping budget.
Leveraging their veto power on the Security Council, the Americans have in recent months pushed it to decide on ending the UN peacekeeping mission in Lebanon in 2027, and to restrict the mandate of the UN’s political mission in Colombia.
US threatens to pull support for UN peace mission in Abyei
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US threatens to pull support for UN peace mission in Abyei
- “It does not absolve authorities of their responsibility to implement their key commitments under the 2011 peace agreement,” Waltz told the Security Council
- “Sudan and South Sudan must now uphold their commitment to the 2011 peace agreement”
New ‘superfood’ transforms livelihoods in India’s rural east
- Known as fox nut or lotus seed, makhana is rich in protein, dietary fiber, minerals
- Most of the world’s makhana production is in Bihar, one of India’s poorest states
BIHAR: Wading through knee-deep, stagnant water, Mahesh Mukhia plunges his hands into the mud, pulling up handfuls of sludge that he and others toss into a large, partially submerged basket.
After a while, they shake the basket to drain away the water and debris. What remains is makhana — round black seeds that have lately gained popularity as India’s new superfood.
A regional Indian snack, also known as fox nut or lotus seed, makhana is the edible seed of the prickly waterlily. The plant grows in freshwater ponds and wetlands in southern and eastern Asia.
After makhana seeds are handpicked from pond beds, cleaned, and sun-dried, they are roasted at high heat so their hard black shells crack open and release the white, popcorn-like puffed kernels, which are eaten as snacks or used in dishes.
It has long been known for its nutritional value — high in plant-based protein and dietary fiber, the seeds are also rich in minerals and gluten-free — which over the past few years have helped it gain global attention and are transforming farmlands in Bihar, one of India’s poorest states.
“Earlier, people were not researching it but now, after research, makhana’s nutritional values have been highlighted. Now this is a superfood. That’s why demand is growing everywhere,” said Mahesh Mukhia, a farmer in Kapchhahi village in Bihar’s Darbhanga district, whose family has been harvesting the seeds for generations.
“The difference is that my forefathers did farming in a traditional way, but we’ve learnt to do it in a scientific way,” Mukhia told Arab News.
“There is Bhola Paswan Shastri Agricultural College in the neighboring Purnea district. I went there for training. After I started practicing farming the way I learnt, the yield increased by more than 30 percent.”
Makhana farming is highly labor-intensive, starting with the cultivation of water lilies in shallow ponds. The plants require constant monitoring as they are sensitive to water levels and pests.
Harvesting takes place between August and October. Workers pluck the seeds by hand and then dry them under the sun for several days before they can be processed.
The processing and roasting of makhana also require significant effort. The dried seeds are first de-shelled by manually cracking them, followed by multiple rounds of roasting to make them crisp.
Whole families are involved in the production, which has been expanding since 2020, when the state government introduced the Makhana Development Scheme.
Besides training in farming and processing, growers who cultivate fox nut receive $820 per hectare.
“The rate has also gone up. The makhana that we used to sell at 200-300 ($2-$3) rupees per kg is now selling at 1,000 ($12) or 1,500 rupees per kg,” Mukhia said.
“Makhana farmers are now making a profit. Those who are growing makhana are earning well, those who are popping it are also doing well, and those involved in trading are making profits too. We are getting good demand from everywhere. I just received an order for 25 tonnes recently.”
Bihar currently produces over 85 percent of India’s makhana and accounts for most of the world’s production, according to Ministry of Commerce and Industry estimates.
According to reports by the Indian Brand Equity Foundation and the Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority, India accounts for roughly 85 to 90 percent of the world’s production.
Farmland where the crop is grown has increased many times over the past decade and can now be compared to the area covering half of New York City.
More than 600,000 people are involved in the makhana industry in Bihar, according to Niraj Kumar Jha, Darbhanga district’s horticulture officer.
“Earlier, we were cultivating 5,000 hectares in the Kosi and Mithlanchal regions. But now it has expanded to 35,000 hectares, and with many supportive schemes, farmers are increasingly encouraged to grow makhana,” he said.
“We are strengthening our marketing channels. We’ll reach the metro cities as well as world markets ... We can see that makhana is growing very popular, not only in India.”
