Bahrain Bourse issues new regulatory framework for market makers

Bahraini traders follow the market’s movement at the Stock Exchange in Manama. File/AFP
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Updated 28 July 2024
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Bahrain Bourse issues new regulatory framework for market makers

  • Effective July 28, existing market makers will be certified as liquidity providers
  • Decision is part of Bahrain Exchange’s broader efforts to modernize and enhance nation’s financial markets

RIYADH: The Bahrain Bourse has introduced a new regulatory framework for market making and updated the rules for liquidity providers to advance capital and bolster its funds.

The initiative, approved by the Central Bank of Bahrain, aims to align the exchange’s practices with international standards, benefiting investors and market participants.

Effective July 28, existing market makers will be certified as liquidity providers, and a transition period will be granted to ensure compliance with the updated guidelines.

The decision is part of the Bahrain Exchange’s broader efforts to modernize and enhance the nation’s financial markets. It aims to attract international investors, increase market participation, and ensure a robust trading environment. 

These changes are expected to play a pivotal role in Bahrain’s economic development, reinforcing its position as a regional financial hub.

Abdulla Janahi, the senior director of trading operations at the exchange, said: “The new rules are part of Bahrain Exchange’s ongoing strategic efforts to increase market activity, enhance the price disclosure process, and improve market efficiency through better order execution. 

“Enhancing market activity is a fundamental element of our strategy to develop the capital market infrastructure in Bahrain,” he added.

Janahi encouraged interested members to contact the trading operations department and submit the necessary documentation, which is available on the Bahrain Exchange website.

The framework introduces two membership types to enhance market activity, including liquidity providers and market makers. 

The former will support trading by placing continuous buy and sell orders for specific stocks on behalf of issuing companies. Meanwhile, market makers will manage funds for specific stocks, maintaining trade flow by placing buy and sell orders as stipulated in agreements with the exchange. 

These deals detail obligations, such as minimum periods of activity, order sizes, and required levels of liquidity.

Both types of participants must meet licensing requirements set by the Central Bank of Bahrain and obtain accreditation from the Bahrain Exchange. 

This dual-layered approval process ensures that only qualified entities can participate, thereby maintaining market integrity and stability, the Bahrain News Agency reported.

In September 2023, the Bourse issued a consultation paper on the new market-making rules, inviting feedback from market participants.

This regulatory overhaul is expected to significantly enhance activity, attract more investors, and improve the Bahraini capital market’s overall efficiency and transparency.


AI’s shift toward proactive healthcare

Updated 05 February 2026
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AI’s shift toward proactive healthcare

  • Experts reveal how AI is reducing burnout and streamlining workflows

JEDDAH: Artificial intelligence is increasingly moving from the margins of healthcare innovation into its operational core. Rather than replacing clinicians, AI is being deployed to address persistent challenges across health systems, from administrative overload and staff burnout to fragmented data and inefficient patient flow.

Speaking to Arab News, Abbes Seqqat, chief executive officer of Rain Stella Technologies, and Eric Turkington, chief product officer, discussed how AI is already transforming healthcare delivery — and why its impact is most meaningful when embedded directly into clinical workflows rather than treated as a standalone tool.

Seqqat describes AI’s role as accelerating a structural shift in healthcare delivery. “AI is accelerating the shift in healthcare from reactive to proactive care, because AI fundamentally helps detect, analyze and predict,” he said, noting that many health systems lack the resources to perform these tasks at scale.

Abbes Seqqat, chief executive officer of Rain Stella Technologies. (RST photo)

While AI use cases in healthcare are broad, Seqqat emphasized that the most effective applications today focus on operational and clinical fundamentals, including reducing administrative burden, identifying patient risks earlier, and capturing clinical data more reliably and in real time.

RST’s portfolio reflects this approach, spanning surgical data capture and workflow automation, cloud-based electronic medical records, and health information exchange. Across these systems, the common goal is improving data quality and usability so clinicians can spend less time managing information and more time delivering care.

According to Turkington, RST’s systems rely on a mix of established and emerging AI technologies.

RST's Equinox offers a streamlined workflow, minimizing redundant data entry, and also allows for seamless integration with other systems. (RST images)

“Across the portfolio, we are using a wide range of AI and predictive technologies, from voice technology to reliably capture clinician inputs, to large language models that analyze and act on collected data,” he said.

A key focus has been adapting AI to regional and clinical realities. Voice models, for example, have been trained on UAE and GCC accents and grounded in medical terminology to improve accuracy in real-world settings. RST also uses retrieval-augmented generation and multi-agent AI architectures, allowing different AI components to perform specialized tasks such as classifying surgical notes, identifying unusual events, or assisting with billing and coding, Turkington explained.

DID YOU KNOW?

• AI can detect, analyze, and predict patient risks faster than traditional methods.

• Systems like Equinox use voice input and predictive analytics to actively support clinical decisions.

• AI assistants provide real-time updates, automate documentation, and improve coordination in operating theaters.

One of the central concerns around AI adoption is whether it adds complexity to already demanding clinical roles. Seqqat argues the opposite should be the goal.
“For nurses and frontline staff, AI’s greatest contribution is removing the invisible administrative friction that leads to burnout,” Seqqat said.

In operating theaters, AI systems can replace manual coordination methods such as phone calls and whiteboards by providing real-time situational awareness. By automating updates, anticipating delays, and serving as an on-demand clinical notepad, AI reduces cognitive load and allows staff to remain focused on patient care, he explained.

RST’s voice-enabled assistant, Orva, is designed specifically for perioperative environments.

Orva captures live updates through voice input, enabling it to surface delays, flag bottlenecks, and prompt coordination between departments. (RST photo)

Turkington said it enables hands-free documentation and coordination, helping surgical teams manage schedules and resources more effectively.

By capturing live updates through voice input, Orva can surface delays, flag bottlenecks, and prompt coordination between departments. It also assists with documentation and coding, reducing errors and supporting more accurate reimbursement— an area where incomplete records often create downstream challenges.

Electronic medical records remain central to healthcare delivery, but Turkington noted that AI can move them beyond passive data repositories.

Eric Turkington, chief product officer of Rain Stella Technologies. (RST photo)

“We designed Equinox as an EMR that enables you to spend less time with the software and more time with patients,” Turkington said.

Through voice input, automated documentation from visual annotations, and AI-generated pre-visit summaries, the system can actively support clinicians rather than slow them down. Predictive analytics, such as identifying no-show risks or highlighting care gaps, further shift EMRs toward decision-support tools rather than administrative obligations.

Both executives stressed that AI’s effectiveness depends heavily on data access and quality. Seqqat pointed to interoperability as a prerequisite rather than an afterthought.
“AI is only as powerful as the data it can access,” he said, adding that fragmented records limit both clinical insight and system-wide learning.

Health information exchanges, such as RST’s Constellation platform, enable patient data to be viewed longitudinally across providers. AI can then assist with patient identity matching and population-level analysis, allowing trends and risks to be identified across large datasets.

Turkington shared an example from an operating theatre where AI helped prevent cascading delays. When a surgical case ran late, a nurse verbally updated Orva that the patient was ready to exit. The system alerted the recovery unit, analyzed schedule conflicts, and prompted management to reassign staff before delays affected subsequent procedures.

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By tagging the cause of the delay and feeding that data into predictive models, the system helped prevent similar issues in the future — without additional manual coordination.

According to Seqqat, the primary returns from AI adoption come from combining efficiency with financial accuracy. Streamlined workflows allow providers to treat more patients without compromising care, while improved documentation reduces revenue leakage.

Looking ahead, Seqqat sees AI becoming central to Saudi Arabia’s healthcare transformation. He described its role as advancing smart hospitals, predictive patient flow, and precision medicine aligned with Vision 2030 goals.
“The role of AI in Saudi Arabia’s healthcare sector is evolving from a supporting technology to a foundational pillar of the Kingdom’s Vision 2030 transformation. Over the next few years, we expect to see AI move into the realm of smart hospitals, where predictive analytics optimize patient flow and AI-driven precision medicine leverages the Saudi Genome Program to provide hyper-personalized care. By unifying national health data and automating complex administrative workflows, AI will enable a more proactive, value-based healthcare model that improves patient outcomes and operational efficiency across the country.”