RIYADH: As millions of birds cross continents each year, navigating vast distances between breeding and wintering grounds, Saudi Arabia continues to serve as a critical point on their journey — a safe haven for migratory species.
At the center of this effort lies the Imam Turki bin Abdullah Royal Reserve, one of Saudi Arabia’s largest and most ecologically significant protected areas.
Spanning nearly 91,500 square kilometers, the reserve is home to rich biodiversity, hosting 184 recorded bird species — more than a third of Saudi Arabia’s avian diversity. The reserve serves as a key stopover point for migratory birds, providing essential habitats and resources that sustain them during their long journeys.
Under Vision 2030, environmental protection has become a national priority. (SPA)
The reserve also plays an active role in protecting endangered wildlife. Among its most notable efforts are breeding programs for species including the red-necked ostrich, alongside yet-to-be-launched initiatives focused on conserving the houbara bustard.
“This unique reserve embodies Saudi Arabia’s commitment to protecting biodiversity and preserving vital ecosystems for both resident and migratory species.’” A.M., a representative from the reserve, told Arab News.
The reserve’s conservation strategy is rooted in carefully designed ecological systems that support migratory birds along their routes. Natural water sources located along migration paths provide essential hydration during long flights, while protected vegetation enhances food availability by supporting insects and seeds. Strict enforcement of hunting bans also reduces direct threats and improves survival rates.
HIGHLIGHT
Saudi Arabia aims to protect 30 percent of its land and marine areas, while continuing to expand research and monitoring programs.
Inside the reserve, all bird species, both migratory and resident, are monitored and protected through a combination of field observation, modern technology and habitat management.
“Efforts begin with systematic environmental monitoring programs, which rely on periodic surveys to document species and their distribution using geographic information systems,” the official said. “This allows us to track long-term changes in bird populations and movement patterns. These efforts are supported by advanced monitoring technologies such as drones, thermal cameras, and remote sensing, which provide accurate data even in rugged desert environments.”
Conservation work also extends to restoring ecological balance through breeding and reintroduction programs.
Under Vision 2030, environmental protection has become a national priority. (SPA)
“Within the reserve, endangered species breeding and reintroduction programs are implemented through a scientific approach focused on restoring ecological balance,” they added.
Recent efforts include the introduction of captive-bred groups of red-necked ostriches into the reserve. Raised in protected environments under veterinary supervision, the birds are gradually released into suitable habitats, with their behavior and adaptation closely monitored.
For the houbara bustard, plans include establishing a breeding center within the reserve, supporting release programs in protected environments, and conducting post-release monitoring. Habitat improvement initiatives are also underway to increase survival and stability, supported by integration with national breeding programs.
While the reserve offers a localized example of conservation in action, Saudi Arabia’s role extends far beyond a single protected area. The Kingdom lies along the African-Eurasian flyway, one of the world’s most critical migration routes, placing it at the center of global bird movement.
“World Migratory Bird Day is an important occasion for the Kingdom due to its strategic location along one of the most important bird migration paths in the world, hosting diverse habitats that represent crossing, rest, and feeding stations for millions of migratory birds,” a representative from the National Center for Wildlife, who asked to remain anonymous, told Arab News.
Under Vision 2030, environmental protection has become a national priority. Protected areas are expanding, enforcement has strengthened, and conservation is increasingly supported by scientific research and monitoring. According to the NCW, Saudi Arabia received leadership awards in 2024 and 2026 from the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species, highlighting its role in combating illegal hunting and wildlife trafficking.
“This international recognition comes as a result of the Kingdom’s contributions to the protection of migratory species,” the NCW official said.
Despite progress, migratory birds continue to face modern challenges. Raptors such as the Egyptian vulture and the steppe eagle are at risk of electrocution from power lines. In response, authorities are installing insulation in key areas, including major reserves and coastal habitats.
Additional protections include hunting bans along coastal zones and near wetlands, ensuring safer environments for birds during critical stages of their journeys.
The NCW also emphasizes the role of public awareness in conservation efforts.
“Harmful behaviors that people may not be aware of include approaching birds for photography, chasing them or forcing them to fly, throwing waste, or operating drones near bird gatherings and nests,” the center explained in a statement.
Such disturbances can force birds to expend valuable energy, increasing the risk of exhaustion during migration.
Looking ahead, Saudi Arabia aims to protect 30 percent of its land and marine areas, while continuing to expand research and monitoring programs.
“We expect clear progress in the quality of monitoring, habitat management, and community awareness, enhancing the Kingdom’s role as a safe station for migratory birds,” the NCW stated.
As World Migratory Bird Day shines a spotlight on the importance of protecting migratory species, Saudi Arabia’s expanding network of reserves, policies, and partnerships reflects a growing commitment to safeguarding some of nature’s most remarkable journeys.
