KARACHI: Federal Minister for Finance and Revenue Muhammad Aurangzeb said on Friday the International Monetary Fund’s (IMF) response to his country’s request for climate financing was “very positive,” as he oversaw the signing of Pakistan’s first green bond denominated in the local currency.
The IMF’s climate finance funding provides long-term, low-interest loans to help vulnerable countries tackle climate-related risks and transition to greener economies.
Pakistan, which has experienced extreme weather events like floods, droughts and heatwaves, is in talks with the Washington-based lender to secure as much as $1.5 billion in climate resilience funding.
The IMF is also reviewing Pakistan’s economic performance under its $7 billion Extended Fund Facility (EFF) program.
“Over the last few weeks, we have had very constructive discussions with the IMF with respect to the climate resilience fund,” the minister said while addressing an event in Islamabad, adding it was the first time his country had approached the global lender for climate financing and had got a “very positive” response.
“In the coming days, hopefully, we will get to hear more about it,” he continued.
Aurangzeb witnessed the signing of Parwaaz Green Action Bond, Pakistan’s first-ever rupee-denominated green bond to be listed on the stock exchange.
The Rs1 billion ($3.6 million) bond aims to mobilize capital for environmentally sustainable projects and strengthen Pakistan’s green investment ecosystem.
This is the second green bond after Pakistan issued the $500 million Water and Power Development Authority (WAPDA) bond, which was oversubscribed by six times.
Recalling the devastating effects of the 2022 floods and growing pollution, the finance minister said Pakistan was beginning to see and accept climate change as an existential threat.
He said out of a total 13,000 glaciers in Pakistan, 10,000 were receding and were expected to cause significant water disruptions.
He pointed out Pakistan needed financing to deal with such challenges for which it looked toward its multilateral and development partners. However, he emphasized the importance of building Pakistan’s own capacity “in terms of investable, bankable projects” in the context of increasing climate disasters.
“After the 2022 flood, the pledges which were made exceeded $10 billion,” he noted. “What we finally received in the country was one third of it.”
About Pakistan’s first rupee-denominated green bond, he said the country would require some key enablers, such as a proper bond yield curve, secondary market liquidity and a green taxonomy framework.
“Hopefully, as it gets sold out, it should encourage more people both locally and internationally to come up with the financing structures,” he added.
Pakistan highlights ‘positive’ IMF response as it seeks $1.5 billion in climate funding
https://arab.news/p3qmj
Pakistan highlights ‘positive’ IMF response as it seeks $1.5 billion in climate funding
- Finance Minister Muhammad Aurangzeb calls talks with the global lender ‘very constructive’
- The minister oversees the signing of Pakistan’s first green bond denominated in local currency
From moros to mass tourism — historical bonds fuel Saudi-Spanish tourism takeoff, says ex-Balearic leader
- Jose Ramon Bauza says Saudi-Spanish tourism ties may be in their infancy but are poised for a fruitful relationship
- ‘Kingdom has everything to become global leader on vacational and family destinations,’ former Spanish senator tells Arab News
MADRID: Saudi-Spanish tourism ties may still be in their infancy, but for Jose Ramon Bauza Diaz, they already have the makings of a “family affair.”
“We are at the very beginning of what should be a fruitful and successful relationship,” the former Spanish politician turned tourism consultant told Arab News on the sidelines of FITUR, the flagship global tourism fair.
“Everything has yet to be done. I think we are not starting from scratch, but we are at a starting point, and we have both the opportunity to do a lot of things together.”
Spain welcomed a record 93 million visitors in 2024, overtaking the US as the world’s second most visited country by international arrivals. The Kingdom represents a small proportion, with around 182,000 Saudis visiting in 2023.
Even so, Bauza believes the two countries are “warming up” fast, helped by deep historical links dating back to the presence of ‘moros’ — ancient Arabs whose legacy is etched into the Iberian Peninsula’s culture and architecture.
“We believe in the same principles. We believe in family, we believe in trust. We believe in doing things (together). We love being together; we are not people who want to be isolated,” he said. “This is a specific and privileged starting point.”
Tourism is a central pillar of Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030, with the Kingdom only fully opening up to global visitors about a decade ago. In 2025 it welcomed more than 122 million domestic and international visitors, a 5 percent year-on-year rise that keeps it on track to reach 150 million by the end of the decade.
Religious tourism has been a key driver alongside a strong push into the luxury segment, but Bauza warned that overreliance on a narrow niche could limit the sector’s full potential.
“Saudi (Arabia) is currently very focused on the luxury (segment); that’s perfect — it is (already) one of the best in the world (in that market). But I think the Kingdom can (also) be the best in the world in vacation tourism, family tourism, and the upper middle to high-end (segment),” he said.
Drawing on Spain and Europe’s experience as industry leaders, he argued that no country can afford to compromise on quality.
“Everyone that (sets) quality (apart) is penalized,” he stressed. “Saudi has everything to be a top luxury destination. But as well that, to be the top vacational and family destinations (offering) high quality standards.”
Despite sluggish global growth, the tourism market is set to expand in the coming years, driven by rising consumer demand and easier access to international travel. The sector already accounts for just under 10 percent of global gross domestic product, supports more than 330 million jobs, and is growing about 1.5 times faster than the world economy. A recent report by the World Economic Forum and Kearney projects that annual tourist trips will reach 30 billion by 2034.
For Bauza — who during his tenure as a Member of the European Parliament served as chair of the Tourism Task Force and a member of the delegation for relations with the Arabian Peninsula — these numbers underline both the scale of opportunity and the difficulty of expanding responsibly, especially when it comes to sustainability.
“I always prefer to talk about quality than quantity,” he said. “When I was president of the Balearic Islands, I was not running for how many million tourists we had, but (rather) on how many quality tourism opportunities we could offer.” He added that with the right strategy, quality and quantity could grow together without “over-touristifying” a destination.
Spain has wrestled with over-tourism in recent years, triggering local protests over the sheer volume of visitors. The Balearic Islands, Barcelona, Andalusia and other hotspots have seen mounting anger over the impact on daily life, from water shortages to urban changes that increasingly cater to tourists rather than residents.
“What’s important is to have properly scaled infrastructure to provide the best services,” Bauza said, arguing that destinations needed clear plans taking residents’ needs into account as well as the efficiency and resilience of buildings and infrastructure.
“If we know we will grow in an area in the next 10 or 15 years, we need to provide the infrastructures and the structures (in advance),” he said, adding cities must be designed for both those who live there and the visitors who arrive from around the world, with “a common way of thinking that tourism is part of the way of living.”
Riyadh has made sustainability a core principle of its development blueprint. Flagship projects such as the Red Sea Project, Neom and Amaala are framed around 100 percent renewable energy, biodiversity conservation and bans on single-use plastics in a bid to create “nature-first” destinations.
Bauza said Saudi Arabia — which skipped this year’s FITUR despite a strong regional presence — has a chance to learn from mature tourism markets where rapid growth has brought economic gains but also environmental and social strain when not managed holistically.
“We have the knowledge of the tourism sector,” he said. “As a former president of the Balearic Islands, I’m proud that the big global brands are not only Spanish, they are from Mallorca and Ibiza. We can put this (experience) on the table — not to (tell) anyone what to do, not at all. (But) just to say to them: ‘Look at what we’ve done, see if it works for you. Copy it (if it fits). Let’s do it together because we have decades of experience’.”
In 2021, the tourism ministers of Saudi Arabia and Spain signed a joint statement to “redesign tourism,” agreeing to cooperate on three pillars — sustainability, digital transformation (including smart destinations and data sharing) and human-capital training.
These commitments were renewed in May 2025, when Madrid and Riyadh sealed four new private-sector deals to deepen investment and economic cooperation, with tourism highlighted as a strategic priority.
Spain now sees Saudi Arabia as a key Middle Eastern growth market. The 182,000 Saudis who visited in 2023 made the Kingdom Spain’s top Gulf Cooperation Council source market within a broader Gulf visitor base of 434,000 that year. That momentum has spurred a rise in investment flows.
Leading Spanish hospitality groups such as Melia Hotels International and Barcelo Hotel Group — both out in force at FITUR — are expanding their footprint in the Kingdom. At TOURISE 2025, Melia, Spain’s largest hotel operator, signed a Memorandum of Understanding with Saudi Arabia’s Tourism Development Fund to develop around 1,000 hotel rooms, while Saudia has launched direct Jeddah-Barcelona flights to complement services to Madrid and better integrate Saudi hubs with Spanish gateways.
Bauza welcomed the progress but said more must be done to unlock the full potential and build out services beyond core hospitality.
“Tourism is much more than hotel, much more than a restaurant, much more than a boutique, much more than an airport, much more than a museum. Tourism is an experience,” he said. “The goal is for Saudi people and Spaniards to work together. And the message is: It’s about to come (soon).”
“We need to trust each other, and we’re well prepared to take this step forward hand in hand, identifying the best options for quality tourism, not just quantity. Saudi Arabia is absolutely ready — globally, I see no country more committed.”
He added: “The key word is trust. We need to trust one each other, and we’re very well prepared to do this step forward together hand by hand, identify(ing) the best options for quality, not quantity tourism. And Saudi Arabia is absolutely prepared. Globally speaking, I cannot see any country who is much more committed.”
Bauza called for the Kingdom to secure a strong presence at FITUR to tell its own story: “If you’re not here, you’re not visible. You need a specific strategy for (showing) the many spectacular things you’re doing in tourism. I know because I’ve been there, but people who are not there, they don't know. (And) nobody’s telling them.”
