Legal battle intensifies over Gaza as ICJ rulings face defiance

The international legal battle over Gaza has deepened as South Africa and Malaysia announced a campaign to uphold rulings from the International Court of Justice (pictured) and the International Criminal Court. (AFP/File Photo)
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Updated 31 January 2025
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Legal battle intensifies over Gaza as ICJ rulings face defiance

  • The two nations are spearheading the newly formed Hague Group, a coalition of nine countries

LONDON: The international legal battle over Gaza has deepened as South Africa and Malaysia announced a campaign to uphold rulings from the International Court of Justice and the International Criminal Court, responding to what they described as widespread defiance of international legal orders.

The two nations are spearheading the newly formed Hague Group, a coalition of nine countries — also including Belize, Honduras, Colombia, Bolivia, Chile, Senegal and Namibia — committed to defending the global legal framework, The Guardian newspaper reported on Friday.

Their initiative follows mounting frustration in the Global South over perceived Western double standards in the application of international law, particularly in the cases of Gaza, Ukraine and Mediterranean human smuggling.

South Africa’s Minister of International Relations Ronald Lamola, said: “The Hague Group’s formation sends a clear message: No nation is above the law and no crime will go unanswered.”

South Africa has taken a leading role in pursuing legal accountability for the war in Gaza, having filed a case at the ICJ accusing Israel of genocide.

Israel has fiercely rejected the claim but interim rulings from the ICJ in January last year mandated it to take immediate measures to prevent genocidal acts and allow humanitarian aid into the besieged enclave.

However, a recent Oxfam survey of nongovernmental agencies operating in Gaza found that 89 percent of agencies reported deteriorating access to aid since the ICJ’s orders were issued. The ongoing humanitarian crisis and Israel’s apparent noncompliance have intensified calls for international enforcement mechanisms.

Malaysian Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim said the campaign was not about punishing Israel but about defending the integrity of global legal institutions.

“These rulings strike at the very foundations of international law, which the global community has a duty to defend,” he said.

The growing resistance to ICJ rulings has drawn attention to broader concerns over the erosion of international law. UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres has issued a report outlining steps that member states could take to ensure Israel’s compliance, including reaffirming the ICJ’s finding that its continued occupation of Palestinian territories is illegal and should end within a year.

Switzerland has been tasked with convening a conference in March for the 196 signatories of the Geneva Conventions to reaffirm the legal obligations regarding occupied Palestinian territory. A conference in June in New York is set to discuss the feasibility of a two-state solution.

But enforcing ICJ rulings remains a challenge. Newly appointed US Secretary of State Marco Rubio has endorsed a congressional bill proposing sanctions against any individuals or entities cooperating with ICC investigations targeting the US or its allies. The bill could extend to family members, further complicating efforts to hold Israel accountable.


Family of Palestine Action hunger-strike detainee warn she could die 

Updated 22 December 2025
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Family of Palestine Action hunger-strike detainee warn she could die 

  • Teuta Hoxha, among 8 people held on remand for over a year, has not eaten in 43 days
  • Campaigners slam treatment of pro-Palestine prisoners on hunger strike 

LONDON: A Palestine Action prisoner in the UK could die if the government does not step in over her hunger strike, her family have warned, amid claims that authorities have been “deliberately negligent” in the treatment of other detained hunger strikers.

Teuta Hoxha, 29, is on day 43 of her strike, having been held on remand in prison for 13 months over charges relating to a break-in at an Israel-linked arms manufacturing facility in August 2024. 

She is one of eight people on hunger strike who were detained for their part in the incident at the Elbit Systems UK site.

Her sister Rahma said she can no longer stand to pray, and suffers from headaches and mobility issues. 

“I know that she’s already instructed the doctors on what to do if she collapses and she’s instructed them on what to do if she passes away,” Rahma, 17, told Sky News.

“She’s only 29 — she’s not even 30 yet and nobody should be thinking about that,” Rahma added. “She’s been on remand for over a year, her trial’s not until April next year and bail keeps getting denied.”

The eight hunger strikers charged over the Elbit Systems break-in, who deny all charges against them, are demanding an end to the operation of weapons factories in the UK that supply Israel.

They are also calling for Palestine Action, which is banned in the UK, to be de-proscribed, and for their immediate bail.

They are not the only members of Palestine Action in prison carrying out hunger strikes. Amu Gib, imprisoned over a break-in at a Royal Air Force base earlier this year, was taken to hospital last week, having not eaten in 50 days. 

Gib was initially denied access to a wheelchair after losing mobility, and campaigners said it was “completely unacceptable” that this had led to a missed doctor’s appointment, adding that Gib was also denied access to the vitamin thiamine.

Campaign group Prisoners for Palestine said: “At this trajectory, the hunger strikers will die unless there is urgent intervention by the government.

“It is completely unacceptable and deliberately negligent to pretend the hunger strike is not happening, or to dismiss the prisoners’ demands.

“They are in the custody of the state, and any harm that comes to them is a deliberate outcome of the government’s negligence and the politicisation of their detention.”

A relative of Gib told The Independent: “We wouldn’t know if Amu is in a coma or had a heart attack. I’m the next of kin and it’s on Amu’s medical record that I am to be contacted in the event of their hospitalisation.

“But it’s been complete agonising silence for 57 hours. I’m furious and outraged that the prison was withholding thiamine from the hunger strikers, without which they are at high risk of brain damage.”

The treatment of the hunger strikers has drawn high-profile criticism, with Dr. James Smith, an emergency physician and lecturer at University College London, telling The Independent that they “are dying” and would require specialist medical help.

Around 900 medical professionals in the UK have written to government ministers David Lammy and Wes Streeting urging them to facilitate medical treatment for the strikers.

Jeremy Corbyn, former leader of the governing Labour Party, posted on Instagram that he had visited Gib in prison.

Seven hunger strikers have so far been hospitalized since Nov. 2, when the first prisoners began to refuse food.

Jon Cink and Umar Khalid both ended their strikes for medical reasons, having been hospitalized, while Kamran Ahmed told the Sunday Times last week that dying for his cause would be “worthwhile.”

He added: “Every day I’m scared that potentially I might die. I’ve been getting chest pains regularly … There have been times where I felt like I’m getting tasered — my body’s vibrating or shaking. I’ll basically lose control of my feelings.

“I’ve been scared since the seventh day when my blood sugars dropped. The nurse said: ‘I’m scared you’re not going to wake up (when you go to sleep). Please eat something.’

“But I’m looking at the bigger picture of perhaps we can relieve oppression abroad and relieve the situations for my co-defendants … Yes, I’m scared of passing away. Yes, this may have lifelong implications. But I look at the risk versus reward. I see it as worthwhile.”

Under UK law, time limits are set out for those in custody awaiting trial to prevent excessive periods in pre-trial detention.

But UK Prisons Minister Lord Timpson said in relation to the Palestine Action detainees: “These prisoners are charged with serious offences including aggravated burglary and criminal damage.

“Remand decisions are for independent judges, and lawyers can make representations to the court on behalf of their clients.

“Ministers will not meet with them — we have a justice system that is based on the separation of powers, and the independent judiciary is the cornerstone of our system.

“It would be entirely unconstitutional and inappropriate for ministers to intervene in ongoing legal cases.”

Rahma says her sister calls her from prison every day, despite her predicament, to help with her studies.

“Our mother passed away when I was really young. Teuta took care of me and my siblings and made sure to read us bedtime stories.

“She’s always there for me and even from prison, she’s helping me do my homework and revise for exams.”

Rahma added: “My sister is a caring and loving person It feels like the state has taken a piece of me.”

She continued: “The only form of resistance she has is her body and that’s what she is using against the state.”