In Saudi Arabia, Indonesian health workers build careers, gain opportunities 

Ade Koswara, a perfusionist at the King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center in Riyadh, sits besides a perfusion machine in this photo shared on July 14, 2024. (Supplied/Ade Koswara)
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Updated 14 July 2024
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In Saudi Arabia, Indonesian health workers build careers, gain opportunities 

  • There are at least 600 Indonesian nurses working in Saudi Arabia, one estimate shows
  • Many Indonesian health workers move to the Kingdom for higher salary, to upgrade skills

JAKARTA: For more than a decade, Ade Koswara has served as a perfusionist of the cardiac surgery team at one of Saudi Arabia’s top hospitals, working alongside some of the best in the field. 

The 42-year-old Indonesian, who is originally from Sukabumi, West Java, was responsible for operating the machine that artificially replaces a patient’s heart or lung functions during surgery. 

Since joining the King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center in Riyadh in 2010, he said he has been able to develop his skills and has gained new, previously unthinkable, experiences. 

“There are many precious things I have gained, especially the knowledge and skills that I acquired,” Koswara told Arab News. 

“There are many new devices and equipment that aren’t yet available in Indonesia because they are very expensive, but they have a lot of them here with the amazing support from the government for the people in Saudi Arabia.” 

When he decided to move abroad, like many Indonesians Koswara considered the financial benefits of working in the Kingdom, which would have given him about eight times the salary he was earning at the time from a public hospital in his home country.

“There’s a significant difference financially, in terms of material rewards,” he said. “In 2010, I was earning about IDR 6 million ($372) (per month), which included benefits and incentives, but in Saudi Arabia, I would earn about IDR 50 million.”

Since moving to Riyadh, Koswara — who is also head of the ​​Indonesian National Nurses Association’s chapter in Saudi Arabia — has worked alongside doctors from the US and Europe and learned to keep up with the international standard practiced at the hospital, which has sent him abroad for training to upgrade his skills. 

“I had the opportunity to go to Germany and it was amazing because there was a time when I’d dreamed of going there and it came true … It makes me happy and motivated,” he said. 

“Opportunities here are equal. It’s not just for the Saudis, it’s also there when they see potential in any staff, even when they’re not Saudi nationals.” 

Koswara said there is much potential for other Indonesian nurses to pursue a career in Saudi Arabia. 

“For Indonesian nurses especially, the opportunity for an international career in the Middle East, especially in Saudi Arabia, is huge. We have the potential to enter this market, to gain new and better experiences, and hopefully a better financial reward,” he said. 

Saudi Arabia is among the top destination countries for Indonesian migrant workers and ranked seventh last year, according to government data. 

But as most of them are domestic workers, Koswara estimated that there are at least around 600 Indonesian nurses currently working in the Kingdom. 

Another one is Akhir Fahruddin, who first went to the Kingdom in 2015 to work under the Ministry of Labor and Social Development, which has since become the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Development. 

After working for almost three years, Fahruddin came back to Indonesia to continue his studies before returning to Riyadh in 2021 to work as an occupational health nurse, now specializing in protecting and promoting the health and well-being of workers. 




Akhir Fahruddin, an occupational health nurse from Indonesia, sits at the back of an ambulance in Duba, Tabuk while on duty in this photo shared on July 14, 2024. (Supplied/Akhir Fahruddin)

The 33-year-old is now serving a company in Oxagon, a floating port city in the flagship multibillion-dollar NEOM project. 

From the Saudi healthcare system, Fahruddin said he learned about the value of collaboration and respect among health workers. 

“There is no such thing as one person being more superior than another, it’s a positive thing that I’ve learned while working in Saudi Arabia,” he told Arab News. 

“I feel appreciated. When someone appreciates us in practicing our roles, I feel they are valuing my skills, and that’s something that I experienced firsthand.” 

He is also grateful for the time he is permitted to offer prayers, which he has learned from friends was not afforded to workers in other countries. 

“If I compare myself to two of my friends, who are in Japan and Germany, they encounter limitations in practicing their religion. This is in contrast with my experience in Saudi Arabia, where I am allowed to perform my prayers comfortably, they give me time,” Fahruddin said. 

Just four months ago, he experienced a highlight in his career when he resuscitated a patient in an emergency case and was able to save him. 

“He survived. It was very memorable for me because I was able to save a patient whose heartbeat had stopped … It allowed me to reflect on how everything I’ve learned all this time, I was able to put it into practice to save a patient,” he said. 

Most of all, Fahruddin is thankful that his career in the Kingdom has given him an opportunity to support his family back home in Sumbawa, West Nusa Tenggara. 

“I am able to help my family, to help my nieces and nephews to continue their education and my other relatives to pursue higher education,” he said. 

“I am also able to save money for my future and buy assets back home. This is the sort of happiness that I’ve gotten through working here.” 


India rolls out strictest anti-pollution curbs as toxic smog engulfs Delhi

Demonstrator wearing an oxygen mask and holding oxygen tanks takes part in protest.
Updated 14 December 2025
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India rolls out strictest anti-pollution curbs as toxic smog engulfs Delhi

  • Private monitors in several parts of northern Delhi recorded AQI spikes between 550 and 700s
  • Authorities invoked stage four of the capital region’s emergency pollution-control framework

NEW DELHI: India’s capital choked under a thick blanket of smog on Sunday, with the government imposing anti-pollution curbs after monitoring stations in some areas recorded extremely hazardous air quality.

Home to 30 million people, Delhi has not recorded a single “clean air” day in 2025, with Air Quality Index readings hitting high above the 50 score throughout the year.

On the AQI scale from 0 to 500, good air quality is represented by levels below 50, while levels above 300 are dangerous.

Worsening since late October, official records over the weekend were in the severe to severe-plus range of 400–500, but as 24-hour averages, they did not capture the peaks. Private monitors in several parts of North and North West Delhi recorded AQI spikes above 550 and even into the 700s in real-time.

On Saturday evening, the Ministry of Environment’s Commission for Air Quality Management invoked stage four — the highest level — of the Graded Response Action Plan for Delhi and surrounding areas.

To “prevent further deterioration of air quality in the region,” the commission suspended all non-essential construction, shut stone crushers and mining operations, stopped entry of trucks into the capital region, and ordered schools to shift to hybrid classes or online, where possible.

While authorities blamed the pollution on “adverse meteorological conditions,” residents have been demanding more government action.

“The situation is so bad in Delhi that we don’t have any option but to force kids to do online classes. The government has failed us; it has not done anything to address the issue,” said Nabanita Nayak, who decided for her teenage children to attend school online only, despite concerns over their screen addiction.

“If the kids are too much in front of laptops, that’s also an issue. As a mother, I am worried.” 

Delhi’s pollution has been worsening since Diwali in late October, when the average AQI has been above 370, or “very poor.” Since mid-November, it has been over 400, which means “severe” air quality, with certain areas recording 500 and above, which is classified as a “hazardous” level.

“I don’t feel proud living in Delhi. It’s the capital city of the country … We talk about being a developed nation by 2047 — we have deadlines,” said Jagriti Arora, who is keeping her 7-year-old daughter at home to prevent allergy flare-ups caused by air pollution.

“The government has to do something … China had a big problem with pollution, but now they’ve managed to bring it down.”

Delhi’s air quality deteriorates in winter due to local emissions and seasonal weather conditions. Cold temperatures and low wind speeds result in a temperature inversion, which traps pollutants close to the ground instead of letting them disperse. This allows emissions from millions of vehicles, ongoing construction, and nearby industrial activity to accumulate in the air. Urban waste burning and dust from construction sites further add to it.

“This is not a new thing. This has been happening now for over 10 years,” Arora said. “You can see it. You don’t need to actually look at an AQI meter to see how bad the pollution is these days.”