This is a sweeping and provocative work of aesthetic theory: a trenchant critique of the philosophy of art as it developed from the 18th century to the early 20th century, combined with a carefully reasoned plea for a new and more flexible approach to art.

Jean-Marie Schaeffer, one of France’s leading aestheticians, explores the writings of Kant, Schlegel, Novalis, Hegel, Schopenhauer, Nietzsche, and Heidegger to show that these diverse thinkers shared a common approach to art, which he calls the “speculative theory.”