What We Are Reading Today: Fool by Peter K. Andersson

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Updated 29 September 2023
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What We Are Reading Today: Fool by Peter K. Andersson

In some portraits of Henry VIII there appears another, striking figure — a gaunt and morose-looking man with a shaved head and, in one case, a monkey on his shoulder. This is William or “Will” Somer, the king’s fool, a celebrated wit who reportedly could raise Henry’s spirits and spent many hours with him, often alone.

Was Somer an “artificial fool,” a cunning comic who could speak freely in front of the king, or a “natural fool,” someone with intellectual disabilities, like many other members of the profession?
And what role did he play in the tumultuous and violent Tudor era? Fool is the first biography of Somer — and perhaps the first of a Renaissance fool.
After his death, Somer disappeared behind his legend, and historians struggled to separate myth from reality.
Unearthing as many facts as possible, Peter K. Andersson pieces together the fullest picture yet of an enigmatic and unusual man with a very strange job. Somer’s story provides new insights into how fools lived.


What We Are Reading Today: Making Waste by Sophie Gee

Updated 02 March 2026
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What We Are Reading Today: Making Waste by Sophie Gee

Why was 18th-century English culture so fascinated with the things its society discarded? Why did Restoration and Augustan writers such as Milton, Dryden, Swift, and Pope describe, catalog, and memorialize the waste matter that their social and political worlds wanted to get rid of—from the theological dregs in “Paradise Lost” to the excrements in “The Lady’s Dressing Room” and the corpses of “A Journal of the Plague Year?” In “Making Waste,” the first book about refuse and its place in Enlightenment literature and culture, Sophie Gee examines the meaning of waste at the moment when the early modern world was turning modern.

Gee explains how English writers used contemporary theological and philosophical texts about unwanted and leftover matter to explore secular, literary relationships between waste and value. She finds that, in the 18th century, waste was as culturally valuable as it was practically worthless—and that waste paradoxically revealed the things that the culture cherished most.