Egypt’s output falls sharply amid inflationary pressure as PMI drops to 45.4: S&P Global

The key reason for this downturn was a rapid decrease in business activity, with S&P research revealing that companies were forced to cut output as they faced accelerated cost rises. (Shutterstock)
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Updated 05 December 2022
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Egypt’s output falls sharply amid inflationary pressure as PMI drops to 45.4: S&P Global

RIYADH: Egypt’s non-oil businesses witnessed a marked contraction in operating conditions in November, resulting in output falling at the sharpest rate since the early pandemic as the country continues to face inflationary pressure amid the weakening Egyptian pound, according to S&P Global. 

The impact of this was visible in Egypt’s Purchasing Managers’ Index which fell from 47.7 in October to 45.4 in November — the second lowest since June 2020, the report noted.

The rating agency said that the new low extends the current sub-50.0 sequence to two years.

The key reason for this downturn was a rapid decrease in business activity, with S&P research revealing that companies were forced to cut output as they faced accelerated cost rises. 

“Egyptian firms faced an immediate hit to demand from a rapid depreciation of the pound since late October, with the November PMI results signaling the worst drops in output and new orders since May 2020,” said David Owen, an economist at S&P Global Market Intelligence.  

He said the pound's depreciation against the US dollar led to a marked increase in prices paid for raw materials, which have already been exacerbated by import restrictions since early 2022.  

According to S&P Global, Egypt’s purchase price inflation hit a 52-month high, leading 42 percent of surveyed firms to report a rise in total input costs over the month. 

While new orders continued to fall rapidly for firms, Egypt saw employment levels still expanding for the fourth time in five months as business confidence recovered slightly from October's series low. 

But S&P said the rate of decline in new orders deepened in November, amid reports of spending cuts at customers due to rapid inflation and elevated interest rates. 

"The latest downturn also came in the midst of an emergency 2 percent hike in interest rates, amid continued efforts to bring inflation down from its current four-year high of 16.2 percent,” said Owen.  

While the latest FX move signals a further rise in inflation in November, he said it is hoped that slowing demand and falling commodity prices will start to alleviate price pressures in the medium- to long-term. 

Looking ahead, the report noted that Egyptian firms were slightly more optimistic about future output in November, albeit following a series record low in October. However, it added that concerns about high inflation, rising interest rates, currency weakness and a global economic slowdown remained dampeners on sentiment. 


Future Minerals Forum launches global index to track critical mineral supply chains 

Updated 57 min 29 sec ago
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Future Minerals Forum launches global index to track critical mineral supply chains 

RIYADH: The Future Minerals Forum on Jan. 12 launched the “Future Minerals Index Report,” a first-of-its-kind global tool designed to measure and track progress in developing critical mineral value chains across producing, exporting, and consuming countries.  

The initiative aims to support the creation of more resilient and responsible supply chains and promote sustainable development worldwide.  

Khalid Al-Mudaifer, vice minister of industry and mineral resources for mining affairs, stated: “The Future Minerals Index Report is an unprecedented and essential document; it is an intellectual tool that highlights key trends in the mining and minerals sector, particularly in terms of insights and directions from sector stakeholders, including government leaders, global mining executives, experts, and interested parties.”   

He pointed out that the report is distinguished by its tracking of developments in mineral supplies and its provision of actionable recommendations to ensure the sustainable development of critical mineral value chains. 

Al-Mudaifer described the report as a new international benchmark that establishes a comprehensive baseline to measure the progress of governments, companies, and investors in enhancing more resilient and responsible mineral supply chains.   

He said it provides a clear picture of how global critical mineral markets are shaped by capital, risk, and trust dynamics. “It shows where investment is growing or shrinking and identifies the widening gap between resource availability and capital allocation. Based on this baseline, the report will monitor changes in risk perceptions, investment flows, and progress toward more resilient mineral value chains.”  

Ali Al-Mutairi, general supervisor of the Future Minerals Forum, emphasized the report’s importance and the attention it received at the forum due to its role in highlighting global trends in the mining sector.   

He explained that the report was prepared in partnership with McKinsey & Co. and in collaboration with other sector experts, including S&P Global Market Intelligence, Global AI, and GlobeScan.  

“It integrates stakeholder trends, data, market insights, and intelligence into a single reference that supports global mining and mineral sector decision-making,” he said.  

Jeffrey Lorsch, partner at McKinsey & Co., commented: “The Future Minerals Index Report, by integrating market data, stakeholder perspectives, and value chain standards, provides a strategic roadmap to help companies navigate volatility and unlock long-term growth opportunities.”  

The report is based on the “Future Minerals Framework,” developed with contributions from 47 experts across multilateral organizations, non-profits, and private companies. It was first introduced at the 2025 International Ministerial Meeting.   

The framework outlines key enablers for end-to-end value chains, including supportive policies and regulations, innovative financing solutions to secure and manage investments, multimodal infrastructure such as roads, railways, and ports to reduce costs and increase viability, and sustainability through strong environmental and social governance frameworks.   

It also includes talent development through education, training, R&D, technological modernization via updated geological data systems and global expertise partnerships, and geology through reliable, accessible geological data in producing, exporting, and consuming countries as a critical factor in attracting investment.  

The report highlighted the world’s urgent need to sustain mineral supplies, featuring contributions from leading industry figures.  

Robert Friedland, founder of Ivanhoe Mines, Ivanhoe Electric, and I-Pulse, stated that the electrification of energy systems, digitalization of the economy, and the rapid growth of artificial intelligence are converging toward a future that increasingly depends on minerals.   

He stressed: “You can’t reduce emissions, build computing systems, or transport energy without mining.”  

Bob Wilt, CEO of Ma’aden, said in the report: “We are not fully prepared to deliver the minerals the world needs. Our biggest challenges are not equipment, capital, or technology — but people.”  

Duncan Wanblad, CEO of Anglo American, noted that global copper demand is expected to grow by 75 percent to reach 56 million tonnes annually by 2050. To meet this demand and offset declines from aging mines, the sector will need to open approximately 60 new mines the size of Quellaveco within the next decade alone.  

Gustavo Pimenta, CEO of Vale, said in his contribution: “I can’t imagine a future without mining — at least not a sustainable one that balances economic development with environmental protection and social responsibility. Mining has become essential to everything.”  

The release of the Future Minerals Index Report coincides with the upcoming fifth edition of the Future Minerals Forum, being held from Jan. 13 to 15, 2026, in Riyadh under the patronage of the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques, King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud. The event is held under the theme “Minerals: Facing the Challenges of a New Era of Development.”  

The forum will host a wide range of ministers and CEOs from leading global mining companies, reflecting its stature as a global platform in the mining sector and a key event showcasing Saudi Arabia’s leadership in shaping the future of minerals regionally and internationally.