KHARTOUM: Sudan received approval from the International Monetary Fund on Tuesday for relief on more than $56 billion in debt and new IMF funding of $2.5 billion over three years.
The IMF has accepted the East African country into the Highly Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) initiative based on the country’s commitment to macroeconomic reforms, it said, meaning Sudan can finally access debt forgiveness and new funds. Sudan is the penultimate candidate for the IMF-World Bank program and by far the largest debt holder.
Now at the program’s “decision point,” Sudan will see its external debt drop to about $30 billion relatively soon. It will then fall to $6 billion when Sudan achieves irrevocable debt relief after an estimated three years, at the “completion point,” IMF mission head Carol Baker said.
Analysts said the HIPC decision came unusually quickly, a product of international goodwill toward Sudan’s civilian leaders sharing power with the military during a fragile political transition and acknowledgement of rapid, painful economic reforms.
“It’s not over yet but this is a really significant milestone on the country’s path to a more prosperous future,” said Ian Clark, partner at legal firm White & Case, which is advising the government on debt restructuring through the HIPC with financial adviser Lazard.
Deepened by decades of isolation and sanctions, Sudan’s economic crisis includes inflation approaching 400 percent, shortages of basic goods and services and a spike in food insecurity.
Recent economic reforms include the removal of fuel subsidies and a sharp exchange rate devaluation under an IMF-monitored program required to enter HIPC.
Another condition for accessing HIPC was removal from the US list of state sponsors of terrorism, achieved last year after Sudan agreed to provide compensation to victims of attacks and normalize relations with Israel.
“This is a big day for Sudan and reaffirms that all the efforts and sacrifices of the Sudanese people are recognized and rewarded,” Prime Minister Abdalla Hamdok said in a statement.
NO PANACEA
Under Omar Al-Bashir, ousted as president after a popular uprising in April 2019, Sudan accumulated massive arrears, or unpaid interest and penalties, that grew to account for 85 percent of the country’s total debt. Its power-sharing deal is due to last until the end of 2023.
Sudan is still calculating its full debt, but in a March report the IMF said the country owed $19 billion to Paris Club countries and the same to non-Paris Club countries, including Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and China as of the end of 2019. Its large commercial debts of at least $6 billion are roughly matched by what it owed to multilateral organizations.
Sudan’s arrears to the World Bank and African Development Bank were settled earlier this year, and the IMF announced on Tuesday that its arrears were also resolved with help from a French bridge loan.
Next month, the Paris Club will decide on the proportion of debt it will forgive, expected around 70 percent, and a comparable agreement is expected to apply to other creditors, subject to individual negotiations.
The HIPC program has been far from a panacea: Three of its graduates – Ethiopia, Zambia and Chad – are currently applying for debt relief under the G20 common framework program launched in 2020. Others such as Mozambique and Congo have also been forced to restructure.

NEW FINANCING
The $2.5 billion in new funding is a combination of grants and cheap loans that the IMF calls an “extended credit facility.” This will provide Sudan much needed direct financing but requires that Sudan push ahead with reforms also required for permanent debt relief.
Some $1.4 billion of the total was dispersed immediately, the IMF said, in order to repay France. The remainder will be disbursed over the next 39 months.
“We are looking to make space for private sector-led growth to create jobs,” including by reducing the country’s need to print money, said Baker.
Sudan must demonstrate it has achieved macroeconomic stability and improved governance and that it has used the new “fiscal breathing space” to reduce poverty, finance ministry senior adviser Magdi Amin told Reuters. Khartoum cannot fall back into arrears on its remaining debt for the relief to be made permanent, he added.
That is crucial for Sudan’s over-burdened government, which Baker said inherited reserves at less than a week’s worth of imports from the Bashir regime. It routinely struggles to import fuel, causing frequent power cuts.
The IMF estimated in April that Sudan needs more than $7 billion in external financing over the next two years.
The reforms so far have caused food and transportation costs to surge, forcing Sudanese people to make sacrifices. There are frequent protests, including demonstrations planned on Wednesday.
“It’s imperative that (the government) communicate properly to the population ... on this so people don’t look up and just see the pain,” said Jonas Horner, Sudan analyst at the International Crisis Group.