RIYADH: An independent assessment panel on Yemen found airstrikes launched by the Saudi-led coalition fully justified.
The coalition complied with military rules of engagement and international humanitarian laws, the panel said.
The coalition on Sunday renewed its call to international agencies to sit “face to face” to discuss untrue reports of civilian casualties and violations in Yemen.
“The Joint Incidents Assessment Team (JIAT) has invited international human rights bodies to discuss all cases, and provide details for assessment before accusing the coalition of reckless attacks,” said JIAT spokesman and legal adviser Mansour Ahmed Al-Mansour.
“We’ve asked them to give full information, including photos and coordinates of targets proving violations… but have received inadequate information,” he added.
“JIAT, representing the member states of the Saudi-led coalition fighting in Yemen, found airstrikes justified and in accordance with international humanitarian laws in five different cases, citing the presence of armed militants at or near those targets.”
On allegations regarding an airstrike on Al-Sabeen Maternity Hospital in Sanaa on Aug. 4, 2016, Al-Mansour said: “JIAT assessed the incident and found military activities by former (Republican Guards) supporting the armed Houthi militia based inside the former special security forces camp in Sanaa.”
He added: “Coalition forces targeted specific buildings inside the camp, which were legitimate military targets, using guided bombs that accurately hit the targets.”
The bombs’ vibration and shockwaves caused “minor collateral damage” to the hospital nearby, Al-Mansour said. JIAT concluded in its probe that the coalition did not target the hospital, he added.
On accusations regarding the bombing of a residential building in Ibb governorate on Sept. 24 last year, Al-Mansour said the coalition targeted a building used by Houthi militants as their military headquarters.
“This was a legitimate target, located at a distance of 1,070 meters from the claimed residential building,” he added.
Regarding the bombing of Al-Senidar Factory complex in Bani Al-Harith in Sanaa on Sept. 13 last year, he said JIAT assessed the incident and found that “six ballistic missiles were launched toward Saudi Arabia from northern Sanaa from Sept. 4-23 last year.”
He added: “Coalition forces carried out aerial surveillance and reconnaissance missions on these areas, and spotted a convoy of three trucks accompanied by an armed military vehicle.”
He said coalition forces tracked the convoy until it entered Al-Senidar Factory complex, located north of Sanaa.
“The forces then targeted the warehouses inside the complex… a legitimate military target,” Al-Mansour added.
Regarding a Human Rights Watch report in December 2016 about a coalition attack on Al-Zaydiyah security building in Hodeida governorate, he said JIAT found the attack justified because Houthi militants and foreign accomplices were using the building for military purposes.
“Thus the building lost its legal protection prescribed as per international conventions,” said Al-Mansour, adding that this led the coalition to target the building using precision-guided bombs.
He also justified the bombing of Salaa Palace Museum in Taiz, saying it was used “as a weapons storage facility and military barracks by the Houthis.”
Independent body rejects criticism of coalition airstrikes in Yemen
Independent body rejects criticism of coalition airstrikes in Yemen
How AI is expanding access for Saudi Arabia’s deaf community
- Real-time transcription, language tools and AI assistants are reshaping communication
DHAHRAN: On a recent evening in Dhahran, about 20 members of the local deaf community gathered, their hands moving swiftly through the air like conductors guiding intricate symphonies.
The event was organized by Riyadh-based awareness advocate Mohammad Alfayez, known on social media as “Prince Mohami.”
Alfayez is a Cued Speech user — a communication method that pairs mouth movements with hand signals to clarify spoken language for people who are deaf. He uses a cochlear implant, a surgically implanted device that bypasses the inner ear and sends sound signals directly to the auditory nerve. Multilingual, he is fluent in American Sign Language, Arabic Sign Language, and spoken and written English and Arabic.
After spending more than a decade in the US, Alfayez moved back to his hometown of Riyadh last Ramadan. Since then, artificial intelligence has become what he describes as a lifeline.
“ChatGPT helped me be more independent. I used to have to ask my little nieces: ‘Can you call for me,’ but I want to be independent. I’m over 18,” Alfayez said.
He believes Saudi Arabia’s rapid embrace of AI could significantly expand access to essential services for the deaf community, building on systems already common in the US.
“We need help with services — in hospitals, police stations, embassies — it is much more common in the US to go to a coffee shop and they would be able to sign with you because they learned it in school. You know, ASL is offered in high school and college in the US. Here in Saudi, we have French, English and other languages, why not include sign language? There are places that teach it but they are a few and limited.”
The demand is considerable.
According to the Kingdom’s 2022 disability census, approximately 84,000 people in Saudi Arabia have hearing impairments, accounting for 5.1 percent of people with disabilities.
Among those working to support the community is educator Abdulrahman Khalid, who also attended the gathering.
“I use AI daily because I teach deaf students here in Dammam,” Khalid told Arab News.
DID YOU KNOW?
• Saudi Arabia’s SAMAI initiative has trained over 1 million people in AI skills since its launch in 2024.
• At Saudi Aramco, a pilot program is exploring how AI can better support deaf employees in the workplace.
• Most teachers of deaf students in Saudi Arabia are not deaf themselves — and deaf educators remain rare.
“Sometimes, students cannot understand context because of the way the traditional news is written. In that case, they use programs like ChatGPT and say, ‘Explain this news to me.’ This helps them understand it better.”
Written language presents another hurdle, as many students with hearing impairment struggle with sentence structure and grammar.
“Using these programs helps them form sentences ‘properly’ in daily conversations. For example, a deaf student might write: ‘Today I go place…restaurant…coffee…’ You’ll notice the sentence has missing words. But with ChatGPT, they can write, ‘Correct this sentence so it becomes complete.’ Then they can use it in conversations, such as on WhatsApp,” he said.
Part of this linguistic gap stems from the fact that most teachers of students with hearing impairment are not deaf themselves — something that distinguishes Khalid.
“I am only one of a few deaf teachers who teaches the deaf in Saudi Arabia,” he said.
The shortage is partly due to strict qualification requirements for teaching roles, including licensing exams with written components that can be significantly more challenging for deaf candidates.
Another attendee, Khalid Al-Zahrani, brings both corporate and academic experience to the conversation. Fluent in ASL, he has worked at Saudi Aramco for three years within a division focused on AI-driven product innovation. He is currently involved in a pilot program exploring how artificial intelligence can better support deaf employees within the company.
Al-Zahrani earned a degree in ASL from Gallaudet University, a private institution founded in 1864 in Washington, DC, that specializes in education for deaf and hard-of-hearing students.
As AI has advanced rapidly in recent years, he has observed shifting attitudes toward the technology — though adoption within the deaf community remains inconsistent.
“Some people in the deaf community are scared of AI, to be honest, they are not fully aware of how to use AI, but we are dragging them to get involved with AI. Instead of hiring an interpreter, we can ‘hire a technology’ that can translate or give us a better understanding,” Al-Zahrani told Arab News.
While Saudi Aramco is developing internal AI tools, he hopes Arabic Sign Language will eventually be integrated into future systems as more qualified specialists enter the field. Such developments could lower costs while making communication faster and more accessible.
Another Gallaudet alumna, AlHanouf AlHenaki, who divides her time between Riyadh and Washington, DC, joined the discussion remotely.
Opinion
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“As a deaf woman, I see AI as an empowering tool that enables me to participate, understand and make decisions confidently in predominantly hearing work environments,” she wrote to Arab News.
She also advocates for stronger deaf representation in the design and development of emerging technologies.
“I use AI-powered tools like real-time transcription apps, speech-to-text services, and translation assistants. These tools help me communicate both within the deaf community and with hearing colleagues,” she said.
She expressed particular enthusiasm for one widely used platform.
“ChatGPT is perfect the way it is!” she said.
According to the Ministry of Education, the SAMAI initiative, launched in 2024, has trained more than 1 million Saudis in AI-related skills.
As AI adoption accelerates across the Kingdom, advocates say expanding accessible technologies — including Arabic Sign Language recognition and real-time translation tools — will be critical to ensuring that the deaf community remains fully included in Saudi Arabia’s digital transformation.
