AI disinformation turns Nepal polls into ‘digital battleground’

A rickshaw puller uses a mobile phone at the Durbar Square in Kathmandu on Sept. 13, 2025. (AFP/File)
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Updated 04 March 2026
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AI disinformation turns Nepal polls into ‘digital battleground’

  • “Nepal ... is grappling with the scale of the threat that disinformation poses to society and democracy at large”

KATHMANDU: Slick AI-generated disinformation has flooded election campaigns in Nepal, which votes Thursday in the first polls since deadly protests triggered by a brief ban on social media overthrew the government.

The September 2025 protests were driven by tech-savvy youth angry at job shortages and flagrant corruption by an aging political elite.

Now parties across the political divide are tapping social media to push their agendas and woo voters, especially the young, including a surge of people registering to cast their ballot for the first time.

But some of the content is manipulated or outright fake, experts and fact-checkers say.

“In a country where digital literacy is low, people believe what they see,” said Deepak Adhikari, editor of the independent NepalCheck team.

Kathmandu-based technology policy researcher Samik Kharel described a “digital battleground” in the run-up to the landmark vote, warning that Nepal lacked the expertise to monitor the onslaught of machine-generated content.

“It is even hard for experts to figure out what is real and fake,” Kharel said.

Around 80 percent of all of Nepal’s internet traffic is through social media platforms, he said.

Internet analytics site DataReportal estimates more than 56 percent of Nepal’s 30 million people are online, including 14.8 million Facebook users and around 4.3 million on Instagram. About 2.2 million are on TikTok, according to the Internet Service Providers’ Association of Nepal.

“Disinformation remains a top concern that could undermine the integrity of the election process,” said Ammaarah Nilafdeen of the US-based Center for the Study of Organized Hate.

“Nepal ... is grappling with the scale of the threat that disinformation poses to society and democracy at large.”


Pakistanis fleeing Iran describe strikes shaking ground under their feet

Updated 58 min 43 sec ago
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Pakistanis fleeing Iran describe strikes shaking ground under their feet

  • Nearly 1,000 students, businessmen and pilgrims have fled Iran since the war started out of a total 35,000 Pakistanis in the country

QUETTA: Pakistanis fleeing Iran described explosions and missile strikes across Tehran shaking the ground under ​their feet and engulfing buildings in fire and smoke in a city emptied of many of its residents. The conflict has widened sharply, with a US submarine sinking an Iranian warship off Sri Lanka on Wednesday and NATO air defenses destroying an Iranian missile fired toward Turkiye.
Governments have been scrambling to evacuate stranded citizens, with most of the region’s airspace closed due to the risk of missiles hitting passenger planes.
“I was in the classroom when a powerful explosion rocked our university building,” Hareem ‌Zahra, 23, a ‌student at the Tehran University of Engineering, told ​Reuters ‌after ⁠crossing Pakistan’s land ​border with ⁠Iran.
“We saw thick smoke coming from many buildings on fire,” she said, adding Tehran was under attack until the moment she left.

TEHRAN LOOKED DESERTED
Nearly 1,000 students, businessmen and pilgrims have fled Iran since the war started out of a total 35,000 Pakistanis in the country, Mudassir Tipu, Pakistan’s ambassador to Tehran, said.
“There are now serious challenges. As you know there is no Internet in most parts of Iran,” he said. Iran ⁠has retaliated with a barrage of ballistic missiles targeting Israel and ‌Washington’s allies in the Gulf, including Qatar, Kuwait, ‌the UAE, and Saudi Arabia, following US and Israeli ​air strikes that killed Supreme Leader ‌Ayatollah Ali Khamenei on Saturday.
Tehran has looked deserted since the conflict began, said Nadir ‌Abbas, 25, a student of Persian literature at a university in the Iranian capital.
“I saw a drone hit a basketball court where six girl players lost their lives.”
Reuters could not verify his account.

DESTRUCTION EVERYWHERE

Islamabad is walking a diplomatic tightrope as it attempts to maintain warming ‌ties with Washington while expressing solidarity with Iran.
Pakistan is home to the second-largest Shiite population in the world after Iran and ⁠being drawn into ⁠the conflict could lead to instability at home as well as complications evacuating its citizens.
“The first attack happened right next to my hospital,” said Sakhi Aun Mohammad, a student at Tehran University of Medical Sciences. After he reached the border, an Iranian friend called to check if he was safe, saying: “’Thank God, you have gone to Pakistan, all of you are safe, but your hostel has been attacked’.” A Pakistani diplomat who is still in Tehran said attacks took place every four or five hours, adding one missile struck a building next to his office. “At times you will feel as if something exploded right at your feet,” he said. “The last time ​I got out was at night. ​Buildings had collapsed, some others were on fire. There is destruction everywhere.”
He added: “It is almost like a ghost town.”