Lahore tops global pollution charts as Pakistan’s smog crisis persists

Commuters ride along a street amid dense smog in Lahore on November 1, 2025. (AFP)
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Updated 03 November 2025
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Lahore tops global pollution charts as Pakistan’s smog crisis persists

  • Punjab’s capital Lahore records Air Quality Index of 401, categorized as “hazardous” by Swiss monitoring group IQAir
  • Triggered by crop burning, vehicular emissions and industrial pollution, smog frequently envelopes Lahore during winters

ISLAMABAD: Pakistan’s Lahore once again topped global pollution charts on Monday, with toxic smog in the eastern Punjab province showing no signs of letting up.

Lahore and other plane areas of Pakistan’s Punjab province are prone to thick smog every winter as cold, heavy air traps construction dust, vehicle emissions and smoke. The smog crisis, which is spurred by crop burning, vehicle emissions and industrial pollution every winter, threatens public health and daily life.

According to Swiss monitoring group IQAir, Lahore topped the list of most polluted cities in the world on Monday around 10:00 am, with its Air Quality Index (AQI) measured at a “hazardous” level of 401. India’s capital Delhi followed behind at number two with an AQI of 262 while Pakistan’s commercial hub Karachi ranked at number four with an AQI of 165. 

Lahore recorded a PM2.5 of 276 µg/m³. The PM2.5 refers to floating particulate matter in the air measuring 2.5 micrometers in diameter or less that can be absorbed into the bloodstream upon inhalation.

“PM2.5 concentration is currently 55.2 times the World Health Organization annual PM2.5 guideline value,” IQAir said regarding the air quality in Lahore. 

Smog season begins in late October and peaks from November to January, lasting through February.

Earlier in October, the Punjab government conducted its first anti-smog gun operation, which helped lower the city’s unhealthy air quality levels. Anti-smog trucks sprayed fine water mist across the city to help settle dust and pollutants.

Smog can cause sore throats, eye irritation and respiratory illnesses, while long-term exposure increases the risk of stroke, heart disease and lung cancer. In the past, it has triggered lockdowns, hampered economic activities and resulted in the closures of schools and offices in Lahore and Punjab. 


Pakistan says defense pact with Saudi Arabia elevated brotherly ties to ‘new heights’

Updated 25 February 2026
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Pakistan says defense pact with Saudi Arabia elevated brotherly ties to ‘new heights’

  • Pakistan, Saudi Arabia signed strategic defense pact last year pledging aggression against one will be treated as attack on both
  • Deputy PM Ishaq Dar says enduring bonds with Islamic and Arab nations form vital pillar of Pakistan’s foreign policy 

ISLAMABAD: Deputy Prime Minister Ishaq Dar said on Wednesday that Pakistan’s defense pact with Saudi Arabia elevated its brotherly ties with the Kingdom to “new heights,” stressing that close ties with Arab and Islamic nations form a key pillar of Islamabad’s foreign policy. 

Pakistan and Saudi Arabia signed a Strategic Mutual Defense Agreement on Sept. 17 last year, pledging that aggression against one country would be treated as an attack on both, enhancing joint deterrence and formalizing decades of military and security cooperation.

Both nations agreed in October 2025 to launch an economic cooperation framework to strengthen trade and investment ties. 

“In the Middle East, our landmark Strategic Mutual Defense Agreement with Saudi Arabia has elevated our brotherly ties to new heights,” Dar said while speaking at the Pakistan Governance Forum 2026 event in Islamabad. 

The Pakistani deputy prime minister was speaking on the topic “Navigating International Relations Amidst Changing Geo-Politics.”

Dar noted that Pakistan has reinforced partnerships with other Middle Eastern nations such as the UAE, Qatar, Jordan, Oman, Egypt and Bahrain. He said these partnerships have yielded “concrete agreements” in investment, agriculture, infrastructure, and energy sectors. 

“Our enduring bonds with Islamic and Arab nations form a vital pillar of our foreign policy, and we will continue to expand our partnerships across Asia, Latin America, and Africa,” he said. 

Dar pointed out that the presidents of Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan have undertaken visits to Pakistan in recent months, reflecting Central Asian nations’ desire to boost cooperation with Islamabad.

On South Asia, the Pakistani deputy PM said Pakistan has successfully transformed its fraternal ties with Bangladesh into “a substantive partnership.”

“Similarly, the trilateral mechanism involving China, Pakistan, and Bangladesh has been launched with a view to expanding and deepening regional cooperation and synergy,” the Pakistani minister said. 

He said Islamabad has strengthened its “all-weather” partnership with China via the second phase of the multi-billion-dollar China-Pakistan Economic Corridor agreement and “unwavering support” from both sides for each other’s core interests. 

Dar said Pakistan had also reinvigorated its partnership with the US, advancing cooperation in trade, technology, investment, and regional stability. 

“This calibrated approach has enhanced our ability to navigate complexity with skill and confidence, ensuring that our national interests are served without compromising our core foreign policy principles,” he said.