GCC debt capital market hits $1tn, poised for continued growth: Fitch Ratings

Fitch Ratings’ latest report highlights the growth trajectory of the GCC’s DCM, with expectations that it will remain one of the largest issuers of emerging-market dollar-denominated debt in 2025 and 2026. File
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Updated 18 December 2024
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GCC debt capital market hits $1tn, poised for continued growth: Fitch Ratings

  • Saudi Arabia leads the region followed by the UAE and Qatar

RIYADH: The debt capital market in the Gulf Cooperation Council region has surpassed the $1 trillion mark in outstanding debt as of November, fueled by strong oil revenues, according to a recent analysis.

Fitch Ratings’ latest report highlights the growth trajectory of the GCC’s DCM, with expectations that it will remain one of the largest issuers of emerging-market dollar-denominated debt in 2025 and 2026.

The DCM refers to markets where securities like bonds and promissory notes are traded, offering governments and companies a means of securing long-term funding.

Saudi Arabia leads the region’s DCM, followed by the UAE and Qatar. In September, Fitch projected that the Kingdom’s DCM would exceed $500 billion in outstanding debt, driven by the financing needs for mega-projects under the Kingdom’s Vision 2030 and its broader economic diversification strategy.

Bashar Al-Natoor, global head of Islamic Finance at Fitch Ratings, noted that the DCM had grown by 11 percent year on year, reaching the $1 trillion milestone by the end of November 2024. Of this, approximately 40 percent is in the form of sukuk.

“The market is set for further expansion in 2025, driven by the need to finance government initiatives, maturing debt, fiscal deficits, diversification efforts, and ongoing regulatory reforms,” Al-Natoor explained. “We rate about 70 percent of GCC US dollar sukuk, of which 81 percent are investment-grade, with no defaults.”

The report also forecasts that the Federal Reserve is likely to cut rates by 125 basis points to 3.5 percent by the fourth quarter of 2025. This is expected to prompt most GCC central banks to follow suit, creating a more favorable funding environment.

However, Fitch warned that ongoing geopolitical instability in the Middle East could hinder the region’s DCM growth. “While four out of six GCC sovereigns maintain investment-grade ratings with stable outlooks, any escalation in regional conflicts could pose risks,” the agency stated.

Fitch also flagged potential risks related to Sharia compliance, particularly concerning AAOIFI Standard 62, which governs the structure of Islamic finance transactions. The guidelines cover a range of issues, including Shariah-compliant issuance requirements, asset backing, ownership transfers, investment structures, and trading procedures.

The DCM landscape in the GCC remains uneven. While Saudi Arabia and the UAE boast the most developed markets, Qatar, Bahrain, and Oman follow, with Kuwait having the least mature market. Kuwait is reportedly working on updating its liquidity law to facilitate borrowing in capital markets, though the timeline for this reform remains unclear.


First EU–Saudi roundtable on critical raw materials reflects shared policy commitment

Updated 57 min 54 sec ago
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First EU–Saudi roundtable on critical raw materials reflects shared policy commitment

RIYADH: The EU–Saudi Arabia Business and Investment Dialogue on Advancing Critical Raw Materials Value Chains, held in Riyadh as part of the Future Minerals Forum, brought together senior policymakers, industry leaders, and investors to advance strategic cooperation across critical raw materials value chains.

Organized under a Team Europe approach by the EU–GCC Cooperation on Green Transition Project, in coordination with the EU Delegation to Saudi Arabia, the European Chamber of Commerce in the Kingdom and in close cooperation with FMF, the dialogue provided a high-level platform to explore European actions under the EU Critical Raw Materials Act and ResourceEU alongside the Kingdom’s aspirations for minerals, industrial, and investment priorities.

This is in line with Saudi Vision 2030 and broader regional ambitions across the GCC, MENA, and Africa.

ResourceEU is the EU’s new strategic action plan, launched in late 2025, to secure a reliable supply of critical raw materials like lithium, rare earths, and cobalt, reducing dependency on single suppliers, such as China, by boosting domestic extraction, processing, recycling, stockpiling, and strategic partnerships with resource-rich nations.

The first ever EU–Saudi roundtable on critical raw materials was opened by the bloc’s Ambassador to the Kingdom, Christophe Farnaud, together with Saudi Deputy Minister for Mining Development Turki Al-Babtain, turning policy alignment into concrete cooperation.

Farnaud underlined the central role of international cooperation in the implementation of the EU’s critical raw materials policy framework.

“As the European Union advances the implementation of its Critical Raw Materials policy, international cooperation is indispensable to building secure, diversified, and sustainable value chains. Saudi Arabia is a key partner in this effort. This dialogue reflects our shared commitment to translate policy alignment into concrete business and investment cooperation that supports the green and digital transitions,” said the ambassador.

Discussions focused on strengthening resilient, diversified, and responsible CRM supply chains that are essential to the green and digital transitions.

Participants explored concrete opportunities for EU–Saudi cooperation across the full value chain, including exploration, mining, and processing and refining, as well as recycling, downstream manufacturing, and the mobilization of private investment and sustainable finance, underpinned by high environmental, social, and governance standards.

From the Saudi side, the dialogue was framed as a key contribution to the Kingdom’s industrial transformation and long-term economic diversification agenda under Vision 2030, with a strong focus on responsible resource development and global market integration.

“Developing globally competitive mineral hubs and sustainable value chains is a central pillar of Saudi Vision 2030 and the Kingdom’s industrial transformation. Our engagement with the European Union through this dialogue to strengthen upstream and downstream integration, attract high-quality investment, and advance responsible mining and processing. Enhanced cooperation with the EU, capitalizing on the demand dynamics of the EU Critical Raw Materials Act, will be key to delivering long-term value for both sides,” said Al-Babtain.

Valere Moutarlier, deputy director-general for European industry decarbonization, and directorate-general for the internal market, industry, entrepreneurship and SMEs at European Commission, said the EU Critical Raw Materials Act and ResourceEU provided a clear framework to strengthen Europe’s resilience while deepening its cooperation with international partners.

“Cooperation with Saudi Arabia is essential to advancing secure, sustainable, and diversified critical raw materials value chains. Dialogues such as this play a key role in translating policy ambitions into concrete industrial and investment cooperation,” she added.