https://arab.news/perwj
Author: NICHOLAS LEMANN
In the 1930s, American colleges and universities began to screen applications using the SAT, a mass-administered, IQ-descended standardized test.
The widespread adoption of the test accompanied the development of the world’s first mass higher education system—and served to promote the idea that the United States was becoming a “meritocracy” in which admission to selective higher education institutions would be granted to those who most deserved it.
Authors: Jelle Zeilinga De Boer and Donald Theodore Sanders
When the volcano Tambora erupted in Indonesia in 1815, as many as one hundred thousand people perished from the blast and ensuing famine.
Gases and dust particles ejected into the atmosphere changed weather patterns around the world, resulting in the infamous “year without a summer” in North America, food riots in Europe, and a widespread cholera epidemic.
And the gloomy weather inspired Mary Shelley to write the gothic novel “Frankenstein.” This panoramic book tells the story of nine such epic volcanic events.
