Muslim teachers to challenge Indian state’s madrasa ban in top court

Indian Muslim students recite from the Quran in Jama Masjid Wazeer-un-Nissa during the month of Ramadan at Madrasa Imam Anwaarullah in Hyderabad on June 14, 2016. (AFP/File)
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Updated 26 March 2024
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Muslim teachers to challenge Indian state’s madrasa ban in top court

  • Article 30 of India’s Constitution guarantees the right of minorities to run educational institutions
  • Around 2.6 million students in Uttar Pradesh receive education at Muslim religious schools

Muslim teachers said on Tuesday they would appeal a verdict by a court in Uttar Pradesh, which has effectively banned Islamic schools in India’s most populous state.

Last week’s ruling scraped a 2004 law governing madrasas in Uttar Pradesh, with the Allahabad High Court saying it violated India’s constitutional secularism and ordering that students be moved to conventional schools.

Islam is the second largest religion in Uttar Pradesh, accounting for some 20 percent of its 230 million population. Around 2.6 million students in the state study at Muslim religious schools, according to the Uttar Pradesh Board of Madrasa Education data.

“We are going to the Supreme Court, no doubt about it. The Allahabad High Court’s ruling is unconstitutional, it violates Article 30 of the Constitution that allows for minorities to run own educational institutions,” Wahidullah Khan, secretary-general of the All-India Teachers Association Madaris Arabia, told Arab News.
“We have hope that the Supreme Court will give us justice.”

Madrasas provide a system of education in which students are taught Qur’an, Islamic history and general subjects like math and science.”

“Teachers are highly qualified in madrasas. What is the point of putting the kids in different schools? Our kids are as good in English education as kids in normal schools,” said Azaz Ahmed, president of the Islamic Madrasa Modernization Teachers Association of India, which also plans to challenge the high court’s ruling.

Ahmed said he was hopeful that despite the Uttar Pradesh chief minister’s announcement, the state’s government would step in to prevent the dismantling of Islamic schools.

“We are planning to approach the Supreme Court, but what we need is immediate relief. Hope the government takes some prompt action and finds a way out,” he said.

Iftikhar Ahmed Javed, chairman of the Uttar Pradesh Board of Madrasa Education and member of the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party, told Arab News the state’s administration was also discussing whether the verdict should be challenged in the top court.
“I feel that the verdict should be challenged in the Supreme Court. But this decision must come from the chief minister, education minister and big bureaucrats,” he said.

“The verdict is a big setback.”

Javed said most madrasa students in the state came from poor backgrounds and the schools offered them education for free. They were also no burden on the state budget as out of nearly 25,000 madrasas, only 560 receive government funding.
“They are run on zakat or donations,” Javed said. “If the madrasas get closed, then poor people will be the victims, particularly girls who will not be encouraged to go to any other school … If you attack education, then society gets diminished, and this is the challenge before us.”

Another challenge will be getting his party’s government on the same page.
On Saturday, Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath, also a BJP member, told Indian media his government respected the court’s order and would implement it in phases.

For Asad Rizvi, a political commentator in the state’s capital of Lucknow, it was not likely that Adityanath would backtrack on the plan.
“In Uttar Pradesh, long before the Allahabad High Court verdict, there have been consistent attempts by the state government to disturb Muslim primary education,” Rizvi told Arab News.

“Just before the Allahabad High Court verdict, the government terminated the contracts of all those teachers who were teaching science in madrasas. Those teachers were both Hindu and Muslims, and Muslim kids were the beneficiaries.

“Muslims who can’t afford education, even in government schools, used to get basic education in these madrasas. Madrasas have been playing an instrumental role in advancing the country’s literacy rate.”


Reference to Trump’s impeachments is removed from the display of his Smithsonian photo portrait

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Reference to Trump’s impeachments is removed from the display of his Smithsonian photo portrait

  • For now, references to Presidents Andrew Johnson and Bill Clinton being impeached in 1868 and 1998, respectively, remain as part of their portrait labels, as does President Richard Nixon’s 1974 resignation as a result of the Watergate scandal

WASHINGTON: President Donald Trump’s photo portrait display at the Smithsonian’s National Portrait Gallery has had references to his two impeachments removed, the latest apparent change at the collection of museums he has accused of bias as he asserts his influence over how official presentations document US history.
The wall text, which summarized Trump’s first presidency and noted his 2024 comeback victory, was part of the museum’s “American Presidents” exhibition. The description had been placed alongside a photograph of Trump taken during his first term. Now, a different photo appears without any accompanying text block, though the text was available online. Trump was the only president whose display in the gallery, as seen Sunday, did not include any extended text.
The White House did not say whether it sought any changes. Nor did a Smithsonian statement in response to Associated Press questions. But Trump ordered in August that Smithsonian officials review all exhibits before the nation celebrates the 250th anniversary of the Declaration of Independence on July 4. The Republican administration said the effort would “ensure alignment with the president’s directive to celebrate American exceptionalism, remove divisive or partisan narratives, and restore confidence in our shared cultural institutions.”
Trump’s original “portrait label,” as the Smithsonian calls it, notes Trump’s Supreme Court nominations and his administration’s development of COVID-19 vaccines. That section concludes: “Impeached twice, on charges of abuse of power and incitement of insurrection after supporters attacked the US Capitol on January 6, 2021, he was acquitted by the Senate in both trials.”
Then the text continues: “After losing to Joe Biden in 2020, Trump mounted a historic comeback in the 2024 election. He is the only president aside from Grover Cleveland (1837– 1908) to have won a nonconsecutive second term.”
Asked about the display, White House spokesman Davis Ingle celebrated the new photograph, which shows Trump, brow furrowed, leaning over his Oval Office desk. Ingle said it ensures Trump’s “unmatched aura ... will be felt throughout the halls of the National Portrait Gallery.”
The portrait was taken by White House photographer Daniel Torok, who is credited in the display that includes medallions noting Trump is the 45th and 47th president. Similar numerical medallions appear alongside other presidents’ painted portraits that also include the more extended biographical summaries such as what had been part of Trump’s display.
Sitting presidents are represented by photographs until their official paintings are commissioned and completed.
Ingle did not answer questions about whether Trump or a White House aide, on his behalf, asked for anything related to the portrait label.
The gallery said in a statement that it had previously rotated two photographs of Trump from its collection before putting up Torok’s work.
“The museum is beginning its planned update of the America’s Presidents gallery which will undergo a larger refresh this Spring,” the gallery statement said. “For some new exhibitions and displays, the museum has been exploring quotes or tombstone labels, which provide only general information, such as the artist’s name.”
For now, references to Presidents Andrew Johnson and Bill Clinton being impeached in 1868 and 1998, respectively, remain as part of their portrait labels, as does President Richard Nixon’s 1974 resignation as a result of the Watergate scandal.
And, the gallery statement noted, “The history of Presidential impeachments continues to be represented in our museums, including the National Museum of American History.”
Trump has made clear his intentions to shape how the federal government documents US history and culture. He has offered an especially harsh assessment of how the Smithsonian and other museums have featured chattel slavery as a seminal variable in the nation’s development but also taken steps to reshape how he and his contemporary rivals are depicted.
In the months before his order for a Smithsonian review, he fired the head archivist of the National Archives and said he was firing the National Portrait Gallery’s director, Kim Sajet, as part of his overhaul. Sajet maintained the backing of the Smithsonian’s governing board, but she ultimately resigned.
At the White House, Trump has designed a notably partisan and subjective “Presidential Walk of Fame” featuring gilded photographs of himself and his predecessors — with the exception of Biden, who is represented by an autopen — along with plaques describing their presidencies.
The White House said at the time that Trump himself was a primary author of the plaques. Notably, Trump’s two plaques praise the 45th and 47th president as a historically successful figure while those under Biden’s autopen stand-in describe the 46th executive as “by far, the worst President in American History” who “brought our Nation to the brink of destruction.”