Pakistan experts: Religiosity fostering rise in militancy

Security personnel secure a street after a blast in a religious school in Peshawar, Pakistan, on October 27, 2020. (AFP/File)
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Updated 27 February 2021
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Pakistan experts: Religiosity fostering rise in militancy

  • Analysts say TTP has major strength for mass-casualty operations across former tribal areas, Swat, Balochistan and Punjab 
  • Militancy has spiked in recent weeks, with at least a dozen military and paramilitary men killed in ambushes, attacks and operations

ISLAMABAD: Militant attacks are on the rise in Pakistan amid a growing religiosity that has brought greater intolerance, prompting one expert to voice concern the country could be overwhelmed by religious extremism.
Pakistani authorities are embracing strengthening religious belief among the population to bring the country closer together. But it’s doing just the opposite, creating intolerance and opening up space for a creeping resurgence in militancy, said Mohammad Amir Rana, executive director of the independent Pakistan Institute for Peace Studies.
“Unfortunately, instead of helping to inculcate better ethics and integrity, this phenomenon is encouraging a tunnel vision” that encourages violence, intolerance and hate, he wrote recently in a local newspaper.
“Religiosity has begun to define the Pakistani citizenry.”
Militant violence in Pakistan has spiked: In the past week alone, four vocational school instructors who advocated for women’s rights were traveling together when they were gunned down in a Pakistan border region. A Twitter death threat against Nobel laureate Malala Yousafzai attracted an avalanche of trolls. They heaped abuse on the young champion of girls education, who survived a Pakistani Taliban bullet to the head. A couple of men on a motorcycle opened fire on a police check-post not far from the Afghan border killing a young police constable.
In recent weeks, at least a dozen military and paramilitary men have been killed in ambushes, attacks and operations against militant hideouts, mostly in the western border regions.
A military spokesman this week said the rising violence is a response to an aggressive military assault on militant hideouts in regions bordering Afghanistan and the reunification of splintered and deeply violent anti-Pakistan militant groups, led by the Tehreek-e-Taliban. The group is driven by a religious ideology that espouses violence to enforce its extreme views.
Gen. Babar Ifitkar said the reunified Pakistani Taliban have found a headquarters in eastern Afghanistan. He also accused hostile neighbor India of financing and outfitting a reunified Taliban, providing them with equipment like night vision goggles, improvised explosive devises and small weapons.
India and Pakistan routinely trade allegations that the other is using militants to undermine stability and security at home.
Security analyst and fellow at the Center for International Security and Cooperation, Asfandyar Mir, said the reunification of a splintered militancy is dangerous news for Pakistan.
“The reunification of various splinters into the (Tehreek-e-Taliban) central organization is a major development, which makes the group very dangerous,” said Mir.
The TTP claimed responsibility for the 2012 shooting of Yousafzai. Its former spokesman, Ehsanullah Ehsan, who mysteriously escaped Pakistan military custody to flee to the country, tweeted a promise that the Taliban would kill her if she returned home.
Iftikar, in a briefing of foreign journalists this week, said Pakistani military personnel aided Ehsan’s escape, without elaborating. He said the soldiers involved had been punished and efforts were being made to return Ehsan to custody.
The government reached out to Twitter to shut down Ehsan’s account after he threatened Yousafzai, although the military and government at first suggested it was a fake account.
But Rana, the commentator, said the official silence that greeted the threatening tweet encouraged religious intolerance to echo in Pakistani society unchecked.
“The problem is religiosity has very negative expression in Pakistan,” he said in an interview late Friday. “It hasn’t been utilized to promote the positive, inclusive tolerant religion.”
Instead, successive Pakistani governments as well as its security establishments have exploited extreme religious ideologies to garner votes, appease political religious groups, or target enemies, he said.
The 2018 general elections that brought cricket star-turned-politician Imran Khan to power was mired in allegations of support from the powerful military for hard-line religious groups.
Those groups include the Tehreek-e-Labbaik party, whose single-point agenda is maintaining and propagating the country’s deeply controversial blasphemy law. That law calls for the death penalty for anyone insulting Islam and is most often used to settle disputes. It often targets minorities, mostly Shiite Muslims, who makeup up about 15% of mostly Sunni Pakistan’s 220 million people.
Mir, the analyst, said the rise in militancy is a complicated conundrum. It has benefited from state policies that have been either supportive or ambivalent toward militancy as well as from sustained exposure of the region to violence. Most notable are the protracted war in neighboring Afghanistan and the simmering tensions between hostile neighbors India and Pakistan, two countries that possess a nuclear weapons’ arsenal.
Mir and Rana both pointed to the Pakistani government’s failure to draw radical thinkers away from militant organizations, as groups that seemed at least briefly to eschew a violent path have returned to violence and rejoined the TTP.
Iftikar said the military has stepped up assaults on the reunited Pakistani Taliban, pushing the militants to respond, but only targets they can manage, which are soft targets.
But Mir said the reunited militants pose a greater threat.
“With the addition of these powerful units, the TTP has major strength for operations across the former tribal areas, Swat, Balochistan, and some in Punjab,” he said. “Taken together, they improve TTP’s ability to mount insurgent and mass-casualty attacks.”


Pakistan’s central bank releases ‘regulatory sandbox’ guidelines, seeks input for FinTech growth

Updated 08 December 2023
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Pakistan’s central bank releases ‘regulatory sandbox’ guidelines, seeks input for FinTech growth

  • The emergence of high-tech companies for efficient service delivery has posed regulatory challenges for Pakistan
  • The regulatory sandbox approach has also been adopted by other countries to develop final set of rules for startups

ISLAMABAD: The State Bank of Pakistan (SBP) adopted a collaborative approach to developing a regulatory framework for startups and FinTech companies by issuing preliminary guidelines on Friday with an aim to test them against innovative products and business models before adopting the final set of rules.

The SBP’s “regulatory sandbox” approach is designed to provide a controlled environment for innovators to test their products and technologies, making it easier for the regulator to understand their implications for financial stability and consumer protection.

“State Bank of Pakistan has issued draft guidelines on regulatory sandbox for public consultation,” it said in a brief statement.

The SBP added this would allow the regulated entities, such as startups and FinTech firms, to participate in the process of testing new products and their preferred business models within the provided legal framework.

“As envisioned in SBP Vision 2028, the regulatory sandbox will encourage innovation in digital financial services and facilitate the existing and new market participants to build robust digital payments ecosystem in Pakistan,” the central bank explained in its statement.

“Similarly, it will help SBP to issue instructions and regulations for new and innovative FinTech solutions, ultimately resulting in increased financial and digital inclusion in the country,” it added.

The SBP said its initiative would strengthen its engagement with stakeholders in shaping the future of the country’s financial industry.

It invited banks, FinTech firms, industry experts, public and all interested parties to participate in the consultation process.

Pakistani startups, especially in fintech, e-commerce and logistics, have been attracting considerable investment from both domestic sources and international venture capital firms.

This burgeoning ecosystem, fueled by significant government support and a surge in digital adoption among a young, tech-savvy population, is said to be positioning the country as an emerging hub for technological innovation and entrepreneurship.

As the country increasingly depends on high-tech companies for efficient service delivery, it has been encountering various regulatory challenges.

The regulatory sandboxes approach has also been adopted by other countries, including the United Kingdom, Singapore, Australia and Canada etc., among many others.

Each country’s sandbox is tailored to its specific regulatory environment and financial sector needs, though the core idea is to provide a space where new and potentially disruptive financial technologies can be tested safely and without immediately incurring the full burden of financial regulation.


Security forces kill five militants in Pakistan’s northwest

Updated 08 December 2023
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Security forces kill five militants in Pakistan’s northwest

  • ISPR says the intelligence-based operation followed reports of militant presence in Tank district
  • Security personnel recovered weapons, ammunition and explosives from the area after the operation

ISLAMABAD: Pakistan’s security forces have killed five militants in an intelligence-based operation in the country’s southwest, said the army’s public relations wing, ISPR, in a statement on Friday.

The operation was carried out in Tank district of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province between Thursday and Friday night after the security forces got information of militant presence in the Mullazai area.

The subsequent operation led to intense exchange of fire in which the militants were killed.

“The killed terrorists remained actively involved in numerous terrorist activities against Law Enforcement Agencies as well as extortion and target killing of innocent civilians,” the ISPR said.

“A cache of weapons, ammunition and explosives was also recovered during the operation,” it added.

Pakistan has experienced a surge in militant attacks since the beginning of the year in the two western provinces of Balochistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa that are situated right next to Afghanistan.

Officials in Islamabad have frequently blamed a proscribed militant network, Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP), for these attacks.

The TTP is said to have its leadership based in Afghanistan, making the Pakistani authorities request the administration in Kabul not to let their soil be used by armed groups to launch attacks against other countries.

The ISPR said the security forces had launched a “sanitization operation” in the area to eliminate any other militants as part of the country’s efforts to wipe out extremist violence.


Pakistan stock market crosses another historic milestone by surging past 66,000 points

Updated 08 December 2023
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Pakistan stock market crosses another historic milestone by surging past 66,000 points

  • Analysts say the current bull run at the stock market is fueled by IMF program and policy measures for economic improvement
  • An economic expert asks the government to comply with the IMF standby arrangement to ensure macroeconomic stability

KARACHI: Pakistan equities on Friday hit yet another record high by breaching the 66,000-mark amid bullish sentiments built on the International Monetary Fund (IMF) program and completion of its first review, rupee stability, and the government’s plan to raise Rs90 billion through Islamic bonds, equity analysts said.
The key stock index, KSE100, closed the weekend trading session at a historic high level of 66,223 after gaining 1,505 points, or rising 2.33 percent. During the trading week, the index collectively gained 3,730 points. The recent rally has increased the market capitalization from $31.3 billion to $32.8 billion in a week.
“The stocks closed at a new record surge and new all-time high amid rupee stability and the government’s plan to launch Rs90 billion worth of Ijarah Sukuks for retail investors to diversify funding sources,” Ahsan Mehanti, CEO of Arif Habib Corporation, told Arab News.
He attributed the bull run to falling external debt, the positive outcome of the Special Investment Facilitation Council (SIFC), a civil-military hybrid forum established to fast-track decision-making and promote investment from foreign nations, and expectations for a current account surplus in November 2023.
In a landmark development for the country’s financial markets, the federal government launched one-year Ijarah Sukuk earlier in the day from the platform of Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) in the first phase.
In total, the government plans to raise Rs90 billion through three auctions of the bond.
Speaking at the gong ceremony, Prime Minister Anwaar-ul-Haq Kakar said Pakistan’s economy faced multiple challenges at the start of the financial year 2023-2024, but the government had tried to solve the structural and macroeconomic issues which helped improve the situation.
“I would like to thank the effort of all stakeholders to bring our economy back on track by lowering the exchange rate of dollar from all-time high of approximately 307 on September 5, 2023, in the interbank market to around 284 today,” he said.
Kakar maintained the capital market served as a catalyst for innovation, entrepreneurship and growth in the realm of finance.
“It provides fuel to business to expend, create jobs and contribute to overall development of society. As a part of federal government, we are committed to fostering an environment that nurtures and sustains this growth,” he added.
The prime minister said the capital market acted as a stabilizing force, absorbing shocks and steering the economy toward stability.
Economists say the current bull run is fueled by the successful completion of $3 billion IMF bailout program review, strong earnings growth and the steps taken by the government to discourage smuggling of various commodities and foreign currencies.
Pakistan expects another tranche of $700 million from IMF after the global lender’s board meeting on January 11, 2024.
“Pakistan stock exchange has tailwind of the IMF program, the completion of the first review, the enforcement measures by the establishment including curbing smuggling, de-dollarization and some improvements in the Afghan transit trade,” Dr. Khaqan Najeeb, former advisor to the finance ministry, told Arab News.
Going forward, he said the country would have to comply with the IMF standby arrangement to design another program for long term macroeconomic stability.
He noted this required more structural reforms in the economy after the new government takes over in the wake of the next general elections.


Pakistan’s information minister affirms commitment to timely elections amid challenges

Updated 08 December 2023
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Pakistan’s information minister affirms commitment to timely elections amid challenges

  • Murtaza Solangi says the constitution requires Pakistan to be governed by elected representatives who will soon be at the helm
  • He says the caretaker administration will provide financial, administrative and security-related support to the election commission

ISLAMABAD: Caretaker Information Minister Murtaza Solangi on Friday reiterated the government’s commitment to holding transparent and free elections in the country next year, though he acknowledged challenges on the way.
The national elections were originally expected to take place in November after the dissolution of national and two provincial assemblies in August before the end of their term. However, the Election Commission of Pakistan (ECP) announced to redraw hundreds of constituencies across the country on the basis of a digital census held in April this year before arranging the national polls.
ECP officials scheduled the voting process for the last week of January before announcing Feb. 8 as the final date after consulting President Arif Alvi on the Supreme Court’s instructions.
Given Pakistan’s uncertain political environment and a surge in militant attacks since the beginning of this year, local media outlets have been speculating about the possibility of yet another delay.
“The federal government has a commitment to free, impartial and transparent elections,” Solangi said during a news conference in Pakistan’s southwestern Quetta city. “There should not be any doubt in this regard.”
“Elections will be held across the country on Thursday, February 8, 2024,” he continued. “There are definitely problems and difficulties. But whatever the needs of the election commission – whether they are financial, administrative or security-related – it is our responsibility to fulfill them.”
The information minister vowed the federal government would work with the four provincial administrations to carry out “this historic duty.”
“It is written in the preamble of our constitution that this country will be run by its elected representatives,” he added. “So that day is not far away.”
Earlier this week, Pakistan’s media regulatory authority addressed satellite news channels in a notification to warn them against broadcasting any fake, misleading or speculative report on the upcoming general elections in the country.
The notification was issued in response to a complaint filed by the ECP against speculation about another election delay in the country.
The media regulator said such reports could shatter public confidence in the voting process and undermine the credibility of the election authority in the country.a


Pakistan targets $50 billion export goal in five years with focus on textile sector

Updated 08 December 2023
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Pakistan targets $50 billion export goal in five years with focus on textile sector

  • The country has set up Export Advisory Council while eyeing $100 billion export target in the long term
  • Pakistan’s commerce minister says the country needs export driven growth to alleviate financial challenges

KARACHI: Pakistan wants to increase its exports to $50 billion in five years, according to a commerce ministry statement released on Friday, by strengthening its textile sector and arranging a major expo to promote its products.

The country aims to achieve a $100 billion export target in the long term to address its recurrent economic crises. Last year, its export revenue stood at $39.42 billion, marking a 24.94 percent increase from 2021.

The official statement said an inaugural meeting of the country’s Export Advisory Council was chaired by the commerce minister Dr. Gohar Ejaz earlier in the day to discuss how to increase Pakistani exports and make them more competitive.

“Dr. Ejaz highlighted the importance of increasing exports as a means to bolster national income and drive economic development,” the ministry announced. “He stressed that a robust export strategy can potentially alleviate the burden of debt, positioning Pakistan competitively in the global market.”

“As part of the broader agenda, the council also considered proposals to elevate domestic exports to $50 billion within the next five years,” it added.

The minister acknowledged the textile sector had traditionally made the largest contribution to the country’s exports, though he maintained it had still been operating far below its actual potential.

“To address this, the council discussed plans to organize a Textile Expo, a dedicated platform aimed at boosting textile exports,” said the statement.

Ejaz expressed confidence that Pakistan’s textile exports could reach $50 billion through concerted efforts and strategic initiatives, contributing significantly to the country’s overall economic growth.

Pakistan’s textile sector is frequently described as the backbone of its economy and employs 40-45 percent of the total labor force in the country.

The minister envisioned Pakistan’s GDP to rise to $1 trillion dollars, saying it would increase its average per capita income three times.

He also emphasized that Pakistan needed export driven growth to alleviate balance of payments problem.

The commerce ministry informed the new council comprised of prominent figures and would help address pressing challenges faced by Pakistani export sector.