ANKARA: Iraqi Kurdistan’s drive for independence and new efforts to end the conflict in Syria dominated talks in Tehran on Wednesday when Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan began an official visit.
Erdogan met Iran’s supreme leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei and President Hassan Rouhani, with cooperation on transport, trade, energy and border crossings also on the agenda.
Ankara and Tehran, with Russia, have driven the most recent peace efforts in Syria. They have established new cease-fire and de-escalation zones, and have deployed 500 observers each to monitor them.
Turkey and Iran also share borders with the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, and they vehemently opposed last month’s controversial referendum in which Kurds voted overwhelmingly in favor of independence. With Iraq, they fear that the vote will lead to greater regional instability and disrupt counter-terrorism efforts against Daesh.
The three countries are conducting military drills on the border in a show of force, and further punitive measures against the idea of an independent Kurdistan will follow, Erdogan said on Wednesday at a joint press conference with Rouhani. “There is no country in the world that recognizes it other than Israel. The decision made by sitting at the table with Mossad cannot be legitimate, it is illegitimate,” he said.
Rouhani said terror groups such as Daesh and the Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK) would not be allowed in the region, and Turkey and Iran supported the territorial integrity of both Syria and Iraq.
Two days before Erdogan’s visit, Turkish military Chief of Staff Gen. Hulusi Akar went to Tehran to meet his Iranian counterpart, Gen. Mohammed Hossein Bagheri, to discuss border security issues and joint efforts against terrorism.
During yesterday’s visit, Turkey and Iran also agreed to conduct bilateral trade through their own national currencies, in an effort to shore them up and reduce dependency on the US dollar.
“The Turkish lira went into free fall after the coup attempt last year, and President Erdogan has since pushed for trade in local currency, not only with Iran but also with other key trading partners such as Russia and China,” said Ahmad Majidyar, a fellow with the Middle East Institute in Washington.
“As far as Iran is concerned, existing US sanctions still limit Tehran’s access to dollars. As a result, the Iranian government seeks to establish its bilateral trade with key partners in local currency.”
The two countries also agreed to work more closely on mutual tourism to boost their economies, and Iran will make it easier for Turkish entrepreneurs to work there.
Three customs gates on the border between the countries will be now operational 24 hours a day with the aim of increasing bilateral trade volume from $10 to $30 billion, and Turkey will import more natural gas from Iran.
Convergence of interests and threat perception has compelled Tehran and Ankara to reconcile some of their differences and cooperate more to tackle regional challenges that threaten both countries, Majidyar told Arab News.
“Iran and Turkey both fiercely oppose the creation of an independent Kurdish state in Iraq as they fear such a move would strengthen separatism within their own sizable Kurdish minorities,” he said.
“Ankara has also realized that Washington is unwilling to take meaningful measures to topple the Assad regime or counter Iran’s influence in Iraq and Syria. Continued US support for Syrian Kurds has added to Ankara’s worries. As a result, Turkey is seeking to address some of its concerns by working with Iran, Russia and other regional and international players.”
However, despite a thaw in relations, there is still deep-seated mistrust between Tehran and Ankara and their transactional partnership in Syria and Iraq is unlikely to develop into a strategic alliance, Majidyar said.
Both countries perceive security threats from the instability that could arise from the Kurdish referendum, as this could result in a vacuum filled by terrorist groups such as the PKK and its Iranian offshoot the Kurdistan Free Life Party (PJAK), Prof. Nursin Atesoglu Guney, dean of the faculty of economics, administrative and social sciences at Bahcesehir Cyprus University in Iran, told Arab News.
“The relations between Turkey and Iran are therefore interest-based and can be labeled an alliance of convenience due to the common threat perception,” he said.
The geopolitical shift in the Middle East and Iran’s deteriorating relations with the West, mainly due to the impact of the Trump administration pressure on Tehran, also led to an improvement of relations between Turkey and Iran, Guney said.
“Throughout history, Turkey and Iran either cooperated on an issue-by-issue basis or got into competition in the region,” she said. “However, instead of competing in Syria, they found a window of opportunity to improve relations and go back to cooperation on a wide range of issues, from security to tourism and trade.”
Nevertheless, she did not expect joint military intervention by Turkey and Iran in the Kurdistan Region. “They can jointly take harsher measures, such as economic sanctions and an embargo on energy sources, but military action seems to be the last resort.”
Erdogan, Rouhani vow to halt Iraqi Kurds’ secession
Erdogan, Rouhani vow to halt Iraqi Kurds’ secession
Israel urges ICC to drop arrest warrants against PM
In a 14-page document dated May 9 but posted on the ICC website on Monday, Israel argued the warrants issued in November were null and void while judges weigh a previous Israeli challenge to the ICC’s jurisdiction in the case.
In a ruling that made headlines around the world, the ICC found “reasonable grounds” to believe Netanyahu and Gallant bore “criminal responsibility” for war crimes and crimes against humanity related to the war in Gaza.
The court also issued a war crimes warrant against top Hamas commander Mohammed Deif over the October 7 attacks that sparked the conflict. The case against Deif was dropped in February after his death.
Israel, not one of the ICC’s 125 members, challenged the court’s jurisdiction but judges on the ICC’s “Pre-Trial Chamber” dismissed the bid and issued the arrest warrants.
But last month, the ICC’s Appeals Chamber ruled the Pre-Trial Chamber was wrong to dismiss the challenge and ordered it to look again in detail at Israel’s arguments.
Israel says now that the arrest warrants should not stay in place while this complex and lengthy process is ongoing.
“Unless and until the Pre-Trial Chamber has ruled on the substance of the jurisdiction challenge... the prerequisite jurisdictional finding does not exist,” Israel argued.
“It follows that the arrest warrants issued on 21 November 2024 must be withdrawn or vacated pending the Pre-Trial Chamber’s determination of Israel’s jurisdictional challenge.”
Israel and its allies reacted furiously to the warrants issued on November 21, Netanyahu describing it as an “anti-Semitic decision” and then US president Joe Biden slamming it as “outrageous.”
Technically, any member of the ICC is required to arrest Netanyahu if he travels there, although the court has no independent power to enforce warrants.
Israel argued in its submission that Netanyahu could theoretically be arrested while the court was still weighing whether it had jurisdiction in the case.
“Depriving persons of their liberty on the basis of an arrest warrant issued in the absence of the necessary legal pre-conditions is an egregious violation of fundamental human rights and of the rule of law,” Israel argued.
Allowing the warrants to stay in place during the deliberations “is unlawful and undermines the legitimacy of the court,” said Israel.
Syrian, Turkish foreign ministers address security issues in Ankara
- Officials convened during trilateral meeting involving Syria, Turkiye and Jordan
LONDON: Syrian Foreign Minister Asaad Al-Shaibani met his Turkish counterpart, Hakan Fidan, in Ankara on Monday.
The officials convened during trilateral talks, which included Jordan’s foreign minister, to address joint security and economic issues in the region.
The ministers discussed various issues, including Israeli actions in the southern Syrian Arab Republic since the fall of the Assad regime in December 2024, as well as coordination with Arab states and the international community to support Syria’s security, stability and sovereignty.
Emir of Kuwait, Lebanese president discuss historic opportunity to shape future
- The meeting at Bayan Palace in Kuwait addressed the recent developments in Lebanon
- Officials highlighted that Lebanon has a historic opportunity to shape its future
LONDON: Emir of Kuwait Sheikh Meshal Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah met with Lebanese President Gen. Joseph Aoun on Monday morning to discuss ways to enhance collaboration between their countries in various sectors.
The meeting at Bayan Palace in Kuwait addressed the recent developments in Lebanon. Crown Prince Sheikh Sabah Khaled Al-Hamad Al-Sabah, acting Prime Minister Sheikh Fahad Yusuf Saud Al-Sabah, and senior officials from both countries attended the meeting.
Minister of Amiri Diwan Affairs Sheikh Mohammad Abdullah Al-Mubarak Al-Sabah stated that the discussions centered on strengthening ties and exploring ways to develop them across all possible areas.
Officials highlighted that Lebanon has a historic opportunity to shape its future, overcome past challenges, and initiate reconstruction and development to fulfil the aspirations of the Lebanese people for security and stability, the Kuwait News Agency reported.
Sheikh Mohammad noted that the session also addressed key issues of mutual interest, methods to enhance unified Arab action, and recent regional and international developments.
Hundreds march in West Bank against killings of Palestinian medics
- Protesters carried symbolic white shrouds bearing the names and pictures of the dead, as well as signs demanding the release of three staff members
RAMALLAH: Hundreds of Palestinian Red Crescent staff marched in the occupied West Bank city of Ramallah on Monday to protest the killing of medical workers in Gaza over the past 19 months of war.
Gathering in the city’s Clock Square, medical personnel, support staff and volunteers wore white and orange vests and waved flags bearing the Red Crescent’s emblem.
The demonstration marked World Red Cross and Red Crescent Day, usually observed on May 8, and called for the “protection for medical and humanitarian workers.”
In a statement released Monday, the Red Crescent said 48 of their staff members have been killed in Gaza and the West Bank since the war began on October 7, 2023 — including 30 who “were killed while performing their humanitarian duty wearing the Red Crescent emblem.”
Protesters carried symbolic white shrouds bearing the names and pictures of the dead, as well as signs demanding the release of three staff members who have been detained by the Israeli army for over a year.
Some 1,400 humanitarian and medical workers have been killed in Gaza since the beginning of the war, according to the statement, which added that “dozens of medical personnel working in Gaza... were detained while performing their humanitarian duties.”
It highlighted a particularly deadly attack in March in the southern Gaza city of Rafah, when 15 first responders including eight Red Crescent paramedics were killed by the Israeli army.
The first responders were answering distress calls after Israeli air strikes.
The incident drew international condemnation, including concern about possible war crimes from UN human rights commissioner Volker Turk.
An Israeli military investigation, the results of which were published, acknowledged “professional failures” and “violations of orders” during the shooting.
Syria leader to miss Arab summit in Iraq: diplomatic source
- Powerful Iraqi politicians have rejected hosting the former jihadist leader who became Syria's interim president
- Ahmed Al-Sharaa was imprisoned for years in Iraq on charges of belonging to Al-Qaeda following the 2003 US-led invasion
BAGHDAD: Syria’s interim president, Ahmed Al-Sharaa, will not attend an upcoming Arab League summit in Baghdad, an Arab diplomatic source said Monday, as powerful Iraqi politicians have rejected hosting a former jihadist leader.
Sharaa, whose Islamist group spearheaded the offensive that toppled Syria’s longtime ruler Bashar Assad in December, was imprisoned for years in Iraq on charges of belonging to Al-Qaeda following the 2003 US-led invasion.
The Iraqi government has invited Sharaa for the meeting planned for Saturday, but he “will not attend the Arab Summit,” the diplomatic source told AFP on condition of anonymity.
Instead, Foreign Minister Asaad Al-Shaibani will lead the Syrian delegation.
Several powerful Iraqi politicians have voiced opposition to Sharaa’s planned visit to Iraq.
They include former prime minister Nuri Al-Maliki, a leading member of Iraq’s main pro-Iran coalition that holds a parliamentary majority.
Armed groups aligned with Tehran have also joined the call against Sharaa, including the powerful faction Kataeb Hezbollah which has previously fought in Syria alongside Assad’s forces.
Several Iraqi security sources told AFP that an old arrest warrant for Sharaa from his time as a member of Al-Qaeda remains in place.
However, authorities seek good relations with Syria’s new leadership to help maintain regional stability, the sources said.
The fall of Assad, who was a close ally of the government in Baghdad, has complicated relations between the neighboring countries.
Iraq, where the majority are Shiite Muslims, remains deeply scarred by decades of conflict following the US-led invasion, which triggered sectarian violence and the rise of Sunni jihadist groups including Al-Qaeda and the Islamic State.
