SANTA ANA, California: Dogs and cats are often beloved family members in current culture, but animals held such a prominent place in ancient Egyptian society that tens of millions were mummified, some going into the pharaohs’ tombs to rest eternally in the company of their kings.
Others had their own special cemeteries, where they were buried in coffins as elaborately carved as those of royal family members.
Dozens of the best surviving specimens have taken up residence at Orange County’s Bowers Museum as the centerpiece of the exhibition “Soulful Creatures: Animal Mummies in Ancient Egypt.”
There’s a dog so well detailed that even its floppy ears are prominent. An ancient cat has been laid to rest with its little paws drawn across its body, creating an image eerily reminiscent of a human’s funeral pose.
“It just shows how closely Egyptians thought of animals on some basic level as being very similar to human beings,” said Edward Bleiberg, the exhibition’s curator. “The Egyptians believed that animals had souls.”
But soulful or not, most people — other than a king or queen — couldn’t afford to keep a dog or cat around just for companionship in ancient times, Bleiberg said.
Thus, the hunting dog seen waiting patiently under a chair during a dinner table scene etched onto an ancient tablet in the exhibition would likely have been shown the door if it hadn’t contributed to making that meal possible.
“There’s a letter included with one of the animal mummies that suggests there’s this man who is having a terrible problem at work,” Bleiberg noted. “He has this rivalry with a co-worker, he’s certain that the co-worker is badmouthing him to the boss and making him look bad and he requests that Thoth make him stop.”
Another letter sent with an animal mummy included a plea to heal a sick relative.
In all, the exhibition contains more than 100 items, including drawings and sculptures, as well as the mummified remains of dogs, cats, birds, snakes and crocodiles. Many are wrapped in intricately patterned linens, and some have been placed in sarcophaguses carved to resemble how the animal looked in life.
To give museum visitors a better look at what’s underneath the wrappings, the mummies have been CT scanned and the scans used to create three-dimensional images.
Preparing animal mummies was detailed and expensive work. So much so that Bleiberg says an expert at the craft earned twice as much as a farmer.
Animal mummifying was such big business that Ptolemaic III, who ruled Egypt more than 2,000 years ago, passed several decrees regulating the industry.
One ordered that anyone who paid for an animal mummy really got one. How successful it was is open to debate: A CT scan of one exhibition mummy revealed nothing inside but rocks. Another showed bird feathers but no bird.
Egypt’s animal mummies on display at US museum
Egypt’s animal mummies on display at US museum
Sotheby’s to hold second Saudi Arabia auction titled ‘Origins’
- 70 works by local, Mideast, international artists on Jan. 31
- Work of late Saudi artist Safeya Binzagr will also be on sale
DUBAI: Sotheby’s will have its second auction in Saudi Arabia on Jan. 31 featuring more than 70 works by leading local, Middle East and international artists.
Titled “Origins,” the sale will be staged again in Diriyah, the birthplace of the Kingdom and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The full selection will be available for free public viewing at Bujairi Terrace from Jan. 24.
The event coincides with the opening of the Diriyah Contemporary Art Biennale and comes just ahead of the debut of Art Basel Doha in February, marking Art Basel’s first fair in the Middle East.
The sale spans a wide range of collecting categories, including Ancient Sculpture, 20th-Century Design and Prints, Middle Eastern, Modern and Contemporary, Latin American, and Modern and Contemporary South Asian.
Ashkan Baghestani, Sotheby’s head of sale and contemporary art specialist, said in a recent press release that the second auction reflects the company’s continued commitment to Saudi Arabia’s growing ecosystem.
Among the headline lots is “Coffee Shop in Madina Road” (1968) by Safeya Binzagr (1940–2024), estimated at $150,000 to $200,000. She is considered one of Saudi Arabia’s pioneering artists and the “spiritual mother” of contemporary local art.
The piece comes from the collection of Alberto Mestas Garcia, Spain’s ambassador to Saudi Arabia from 1966 to 1976, and his wife, Mercedes Suarez de Tangil Guzman.
A 1989 untitled painting by Mohammed Al-Saleem (1939–1997), estimated at $150,000 to $200,000, is from a private collection in Bahrain. The work exemplifies his Horizonism style, inspired by desert landscapes, and follows his record $1.1 million sale at Sotheby’s London in 2023.
Also included is “Demonstration” (1968) by Iraqi modernist Mahmoud Sabri (1927–2012), estimated at $400,000 to $500,000. The work reflects Sabri’s socially engaged practice and combines social realism with Christian imagery in a charged depiction of mourning and protest.
Samia Halaby’s “Copper” (1976), estimated at $120,000 to $180,000, highlights the artist’s move toward abstraction in the 1970s. Halaby, born in Jerusalem and now based in the US, has works in major international collections and participated in the 60th Venice Biennale in 2024.
A rare early work by Egyptian artist Ahmed Morsi, “Deux Pecheurs” (“Two Fishermen”) (1954), is estimated at $120,000 to $180,000. Morsi’s works have appeared only five times at auction previously and are held in major museum collections worldwide.
International highlights include Pablo Picasso’s “Paysage” (1965), estimated at $2 million to $3 million. Painted in Mougins during the final decade of his life, the work reflects Picasso’s late engagement with landscape and his dialogue with art history.
Anish Kapoor’s large-scale concave mirror sculpture “Untitled” (2005), estimated at $600,000 to $800,000, is also offered. Executed during a period of major institutional recognition for the artist, the work comes from Kapoor’s iconic mirror series.
Andy Warhol’s “Disquieting Muses (After de Chirico) (1982), estimated at $800,000 to $1.2 million, reinterprets Giorgio de Chirico’s 1917 painting through Pop Art repetition. The sale includes Warhol’s set of four Muhammad Ali screenprints from 1978, estimated at $300,000 to $500,000.
Jean Dubuffet’s “Le soleil les decolore” (1947), estimated at $800,000 to $1.2 million, appears at auction for the first time. Painted after the artist’s travels in the Sahara, the work reflects his response to desert landscapes and nomadic life.
The auction will also feature seven works by Roy Lichtenstein from the personal collection of Dorothy and Roy Lichtenstein.
Leading the group are “Interior with Ajax (Study)” (1997), estimated at $600,000 to $800,000, and “The Great Pyramid Banner (Study)” (1980), estimated at $150,000 to $200,000.
