PARIS: Smoking in cars raises levels of dangerous fine-particle pollutants to many times the limit recommended by the world’s health agency, a study published on Monday said.
Doctors in Britain measured concentrations of fine particles in cars driven by 17 people, 14 of them smokers, using an electronic monitor on the back seat.
The volunteers were asked to follow their normal smoking habits as the smoke levels in their car were monitored over three days.
A total of 104 car journeys — average time 27 minutes — took place, of which 83 were accurately logged, 49 of them being smoking journeys and 34 being smoke free.
During smoking journeys, levels of fine particles were 85 micrograms per cubic meter on average, compared to guidelines of 25 mcg/cu. meter for indoor pollution set by the UN’s World Health Organization (WHO).
Even when when the driver opened the window or turned on ventilation to remove the smoke, particulate levels were still above the WHO benchmark at some point during these journeys.
The average peak during smoking trips was 385 mcg/cu.meter, with the highest being more than 880 mcg/cu. meter.
In contrast, particulate levels during non-smoking journeys averaged only 7.4 mcg/cu. meter.
The type of fine particulate that was measured is less than 2.5 micrometers in diameter.
These very small particles are considered dangerous because they can lodge deep in the lung, causing irritation.
“Children exposed to these levels of fine particulate are likely to suffer ill-health effects,” says the study, led by Sean Semple of the Scottish Center for Indoor Air at the University of Aberdeen.
Exposure to second hand smoke is linked to several children’s health problems, including sudden infant death, middle ear disease, wheeze and asthma.
The report said: “Children are likely to be at greater risk from [second hand smoke] exposure due to their faster breathing rates, less developed immune system and their inability to move away from the source in many home and car settings.
“Exposure at the levels reported is likely to be harmful to respiratory health, and measures to remove or reduce this exposure within the confines of vehicles should be considered both in terms of individual responsibility and via legislation.”
“There are increasing numbers of countries legislating against smoking in cars and such measures may be appropriate to prevent the exposure of children to these high levels of second-hand smoke.”
The investigation appears in the journal Tobacco Control.
Smoking in cars puts kids at health risk
Smoking in cars puts kids at health risk
Where We Are Going Today: Golden Gate
ALKHOBAR: Perched on the ninth floor overlooking Alkhobar’s waterfront, Golden Gate promises a dining experience shaped as much by its view as by its menu.
The setting is undeniably its strongest feature; greenery-filled interiors, generous natural light and wide glass panels that frame the sea, giving the space a calm and elevated atmosphere. It is the kind of setting that encourages long conversations and leisurely lunches.
During my visit, service was slow and noticeably inattentive. Staff interactions felt rushed and uncoordinated, and despite the restaurant being far from full, requests took time to be acknowledged.
Accessibility was also an issue. The building operates with a single elevator serving nine floors, and wait times were long enough to disrupt the flow of the visit. For a restaurant positioned as a premium dining experience, this type of bottleneck feels avoidable and adds unnecessary friction before guests even reach their table.
The kibbeh bil laban stood out as the highlight; tender, balanced and seasoned properly — easily the best dish on the table and the only one I would return for.
The freekeh carried a pleasant smokiness and depth, but the chicken served alongside it was dry and oddly discolored, affecting both flavor and presentation. The tabbouleh was fresh, bright and well-textured, offering a needed contrast to the heavier plates.
The biggest disappointment came from the grills. The meats had an unusual flavor profile that did not feel intentional nor tied to any regional culinary tradition. Texture and seasoning were off, and for a restaurant operating at this price point, it felt like a noticeable gap in execution.
Golden Gate places significant weight on its view, despite not being on the waterfront and with several nearby restaurants offering clearer, more direct access to the shoreline.
With that context, the experience depends heavily on ambiance rather than execution. Between the slow service, uneven kitchen and premium pricing, it is not a restaurant I would return to — with the exception of the kibbeh bil laban.
For more details, visit @goldengateksa.
