Medicine Nobel to trio who identified immune system’s ‘security guards’

Prof. Dr. Shimon Sakaguchi receives flowers at a news conference in Suita, near Osaka, after winning the Nobel Prize on Monday. (Reuters)
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Updated 06 October 2025
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Medicine Nobel to trio who identified immune system’s ‘security guards’

STOCKHOLM: A US-Japanese trio on Monday won the Nobel Prize in Medicine for research into how the immune system is kept in check by identifying its “security guards,” the Nobel jury said.

The discoveries by Mary Brunkow and Fred Ramsdell of the US and Japan’s Shimon Sakaguchi have been decisive for understanding how the immune system functions and why we do not all develop serious autoimmune diseases.

Sakaguchi, a professor at Osaka University, told a press conference in Japan he hoped the award would “serve as an opportunity for this field to develop further ... in a direction where it can be applied in actual bedside and clinical settings.”

The Nobel committee was unable to reach the two US-based laureates to break the news to them in person.

“If you hear this, call me,” the secretary-general of the Nobel committee, Thomas Perlmann, joked at the press conference announcing the winners.

The three won the prize for research that identified the immune system’s “security guards,” called regulatory T-cells.

Their work concerns “peripheral immune tolerance” that prevents the immune system from harming the body, and has led to a new field of research and the development of potential medical treatments now being evaluated in clinical trials.

“The hope is to be able to treat or cure autoimmune diseases, provide more effective cancer treatments and prevent serious complications after stem cell transplants,” the jury said.


Heavy shelling, explosions spark fear along Pakistan-Afghanistan border 

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Heavy shelling, explosions spark fear along Pakistan-Afghanistan border 

  • Residents fear for their safety amid border clashes
  • 1,500 Afghan families displaced ‌due to heavy shelling and explosions
  • Pakistan denies targeting civilians, says its strikes focus on militants

LAL PUR, Afghanistan/PESHAWAR, Pakistan: People living along Pakistan’s border with Afghanistan said they ​were considering fleeing their homes because of heavy shelling and explosions as fighting between troops from both sides entered a seventh day on Wednesday.
The South Asian allies-turned-foes have engaged in their worst fighting in years following Pakistani airstrikes on major Afghan cities last week, increasing volatility in a region also on edge over US and Israeli strikes on Iran.
Islamabad has said its airstrikes, which have at times directly targeted the Taliban government, are aimed at ending Afghan support for militants carrying out attacks on Pakistan. The Taliban has denied aiding militant groups.

SHELLING ‌STARTS AS VILLAGERS ‌ARE BREAKING RAMADAN FAST
Residents of towns and villages in ​Pakistan’s ‌northwest ⁠said fighting between ​border ⁠forces starts in the evenings, placing their homes in the line of fire, often at sunset when families are breaking their fast in the holy month of Ramadan.
“There is complete silence in the day, but the moment we sit for iftar dinner, the two sides start shelling,” Farid Khan Shinwari from Landi Kotal, a town near the Torkham border crossing, told Reuters.
“We open our fast in extremely difficult situations, as you never know when a shell can hit your house.”
Residents ⁠in the town and nearby villages said there had been heavy ‌shelling and some explosions heard in the past ‌few days, prompting many to flee their homes.
On the other ​side of the border, Afghans shared similar stories ‌of skirmishes and families fleeing their homes.
Hundreds had been displaced to an open ‌dirt field under makeshift tents, while others had no shelter at all. Officials say around 1,500 families have fled their homes.
Fighting along the 2,600-km (1,615-mile) border has ebbed and flowed over the week-long conflict, with both sides saying they have inflicted heavy losses on the other country and gained ground in the fighting.
Reuters ‌has been unable to verify these accounts.

TURKEY HAS OFFERED TO MEDIATE
Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan told Pakistani Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif that ⁠Ankara would help ⁠reinstate a ceasefire, the Turkish Presidency said on Tuesday, as other countries that had offered to mediate have since been hit by the conflict in the Gulf.
On Wednesday, both countries reported exchanges of heavy fire, with Afghanistan’s defense ministry saying Taliban forces shot down a Pakistani drone and captured seven border posts.
A spokesperson for the ministry said 110 civilians, including 65 women and children, had been killed since the fighting began and another 123 were wounded. The United Nations mission for Afghanistan has listed 42 deaths so far.
Pakistan’s Information Minister Attaullah Tarar disputed both figures, saying: “Pakistan exercises great care in only targeting terrorists and support infrastructure. No civilian structures have been targeted.”
On Saturday, Pakistan struck “ammunition and critical equipment” at the Bagram air base north ​of Kabul, Tarar said, a key American command ​center through the 20-year Afghan war.