UN probe suggests war crimes by all sides in DR Congo conflict

Congolese artisanal miners among them women internally displaced by the Allied Democratic Forces (ADF) rebels, in Mangaredjipa near Beni, North Kivu Province of Democratic Republic of Congo. (Reuters)
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Updated 05 September 2025
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UN probe suggests war crimes by all sides in DR Congo conflict

  • A UN fact finding mission on the situation in the DRC's North and South Kivu provinces determined that all sides in the devastating conflict had committed abuses since late 2024, including summary executions and sexual violence

GENEVA: Rwanda-backed M23 militia and the Congolese military and its affiliates have all committed gross rights violations in eastern DR Congo, UN investigators said Friday, warning of possible war crimes and crimes against humanity.
A United Nations fact-finding mission on the situation in the Democratic Republic of Congo’s North and South Kivu provinces determined in a report that all sides in the devastating conflict had committed abuses since late 2024, including summary executions and rampant sexual violence.
The findings “underscore the gravity and widespread nature of violations and abuses committed by all parties to the conflict, including acts that may constitute war crimes and crimes against humanity,” the report said.
The eastern DRC, a region bordering Rwanda with abundant natural resources but plagued by non-state armed groups, has suffered extreme violence for more than three decades.
Since taking up arms again at the end of 2021, the M23 armed group has seized swathes of land in the restive region with Rwanda’s backing, triggering a spiralling humanitarian crisis.
A fresh surge of unrest broke out early this year when the M23 captured the key cities of Goma and Bukavu, setting up their own administrations.
The Congolese and Rwandan governments signed a peace deal in June, and the Congolese government signed a separate declaration of principles with the M23 in July, including a “permanent ceasefire” aimed at halting the conflict.
But violence has continued on the ground.

- ‘Atrocities’ -

“With new reports of violations continuing, both the Congolese and Rwandan governments must take urgent actions to ensure strict respect for international law by their own national forces and affiliated armed groups, while ceasing to support the latter,” the UN report said.
The fact-finding mission, established by the UN Human Rights Council in February, said it had documented the failure of all parties to adequately protect civilians, especially during the takeover of Goma, as well as attacks on schools and hospitals.
The probe’s report highlighted “reasonable grounds to believe that M23 members may have committed... the crimes against humanity of murder, severe deprivation of liberty, torture, rape and sexual slavery.”
And it documented grave violations committed by the DRC’s armed forces and affiliated armed groups, like the Wazalendo, including “deliberate killings of civilians” and “a pattern of widespread use of sexual violence and looting.”
“The atrocities described in this report are horrific,” UN rights chief Volker Turk said in a statement.
“It is imperative to promptly and independently investigate all allegations of violations with a view to ensuring accountability.”


Pakistanis fleeing Iran describe strikes shaking ground under their feet

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Pakistanis fleeing Iran describe strikes shaking ground under their feet

QUETTA: Pakistanis fleeing Iran described explosions and missile strikes across Tehran shaking the ground under ​their feet and engulfing buildings in fire and smoke in a city emptied of many of its residents. The conflict has widened sharply, with a US submarine sinking an Iranian warship off Sri Lanka on Wednesday and NATO air defenses destroying an Iranian missile fired toward Turkiye.
Governments have been scrambling to evacuate stranded citizens, with most of the region’s airspace closed due to the risk of missiles hitting passenger planes.
“I was in the classroom when a powerful explosion rocked our university building,” Hareem ‌Zahra, 23, a ‌student at the Tehran University of Engineering, told ​Reuters ‌after ⁠crossing Pakistan’s land ​border with ⁠Iran.
“We saw thick smoke coming from many buildings on fire,” she said, adding Tehran was under attack until the moment she left.

TEHRAN LOOKED DESERTED
Nearly 1,000 students, businessmen and pilgrims have fled Iran since the war started out of a total 35,000 Pakistanis in the country, Mudassir Tipu, Pakistan’s ambassador to Tehran, said.
“There are now serious challenges. As you know there is no Internet in most parts of Iran,” he said. Iran ⁠has retaliated with a barrage of ballistic missiles targeting Israel and ‌Washington’s allies in the Gulf, including Qatar, Kuwait, ‌the UAE, and Saudi Arabia, following US and Israeli ​air strikes that killed Supreme Leader ‌Ayatollah Ali Khamenei on Saturday.
Tehran has looked deserted since the conflict began, said Nadir ‌Abbas, 25, a student of Persian literature at a university in the Iranian capital.
“I saw a drone hit a basketball court where six girl players lost their lives.”
Reuters could not verify his account.

’DESTRUCTION EVERYWHERE’ Islamabad is walking a diplomatic tightrope as it attempts to maintain warming ‌ties with Washington while expressing solidarity with Iran.
Pakistan is home to the second-largest Shiite population in the world after Iran and ⁠being drawn into ⁠the conflict could lead to instability at home as well as complications evacuating its citizens.
“The first attack happened right next to my hospital,” said Sakhi Aun Mohammad, a student at Tehran University of Medical Sciences. After he reached the border, an Iranian friend called to check if he was safe, saying: “’Thank God, you have gone to Pakistan, all of you are safe, but your hostel has been attacked’.” A Pakistani diplomat who is still in Tehran said attacks took place every four or five hours, adding one missile struck a building next to his office. “At times you will feel as if something exploded right at your feet,” he said. “The last time ​I got out was at night. ​Buildings had collapsed, some others were on fire. There is destruction everywhere.”
He added: “It is almost like a ghost town.”