Afghanistan’s brain drain continues as job security, education prospects fade

An Afghan man uses a computer at a market in Mazar-i-Sharif on Oct. 17, 2023. (AFP)
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Updated 05 October 2024
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Afghanistan’s brain drain continues as job security, education prospects fade

  • Taliban blames Western countries for taking away country’s talent
  • But ban on women’s education seen as one of main reasons young people leave

KABUL: Abdullah Jalal is counting down the days to his relocation overseas — a move that will mean him restarting his career but give him the employment security he no longer believes is possible in Afghanistan.

The 29-year-old data management expert has been working for an international organization but said “the future is extremely uncertain.”

“With the current situation in the country, a whole generation is being punished and opportunities are taken away from young experts. I know many friends who have left the country in the past few years or are planning to leave,” he told Arab News.

“Specializations and expertise are not valued in the country anymore … The future employment prospects are not very good.”

Jalal is among the many skilled young professionals who choose to leave Afghanistan every year in search of better opportunities abroad. The numbers peaked in 2021, when hundreds of thousands of Afghans fled as the Taliban regained control of the country.

Three years on, with sanctions slapped on the Taliban administration and a devastating economic and humanitarian crisis, the brain drain continues, further limiting Afghanistan’s capacity for growth.

The trend has been worsened by Taliban policies banning women from attending secondary school and university and most forms of paid employment.

Some parents, like Abdul Saboor, choose to send their daughters overseas so that they can pursue their education. One of his daughters wanted to complete a master’s degree in computer science, but that is no longer possible in Afghanistan.

“Before the suspension of university education, she was teaching at a private university and took some freelance assignments to earn an income and support the family. She is very talented. She taught at a private university and developed websites for some organizations, but she couldn’t continue working,” Saboor said.

“I had to send her — along with my younger daughter who has graduated from high school — to Pakistan to pursue their studies and stay with their aunt. Not all families have this opportunity. I couldn’t see my daughters stay dull at home and continue to live with depression.”

While data about the exact numbers of skilled professionals and graduates leaving the country is unavailable, the International Organization for Migration estimates that in September more than 166,000 Afghans left the country for neighboring Pakistan and Iran alone.

Over the past four decades of wars in the country, 6.4 million Afghans have resettled abroad.

“The brain drain continues to happen even after several years of Islamic Emirate’s rule, creating major gaps in the society,” Dr. Sohaib Raufi, director of the Center for Strategic and Regional Studies in Kabul, told Arab News.

“The educated generation of the country, including university professors and other experts, have fled Afghanistan and continue to leave the country for various reasons, such as a lack of studying and teaching prospects, fading hopes for a better future.”

Last year, the Taliban called on Western countries to stop taking Afghan talent out of the country, but it is their own policy that is contributing to it, according to Raufi.

“A major factor contributing to the growing brain drain is the continuing suspension of school and university education for girls. Job security is another reason experts leave the country because in some instances expertise and profession is not prioritized in Afghanistan, leaving many outside the workforce,” he said.

“This may, in the long term, lead to scarcity of experts in the country negatively impacting the country’s economy, development and political stability.”


Grief, trauma weigh on survivors of catastrophic Hong Kong fire

Updated 5 sec ago
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Grief, trauma weigh on survivors of catastrophic Hong Kong fire

HONG KONG: Hong Kong fire survivor Yip Ka-kui has turned happy holiday photos into a heartfelt tribute to his beloved wife a month after she died in the huge blaze that destroyed their home.
Yip, 68, is among thousands grieving the 161 killed at the Wang Fuk Court housing complex, a disaster few could imagine happening in one of Asia’s safest and most developed cities.
Even as the Hong Kong government forges ahead with investigations and relief efforts, experts caution that the psychological scars will be hard to heal for survivors, bereaved families and onlookers alike.
In dozens of shots compiled into a memorial video, Yip’s wife of four decades, Pak Shui-lin, 66, gently smiles at the camera at the Pyramids of Giza, the Taj Mahal and the Eiffel Tower.
“I blame myself. I always feel I was late to warn her, so she couldn’t escape in time,” said retired engineer Yip, recalling how the couple tried to flee the burning building on November 26.
Flames quickly engulfed seven out of eight residential towers, which were undergoing renovations and wrapped in substandard netting that may have contributed to the fire’s spread.
Yip got out first. When the fire alarms failed to sound, his wife knocked on neighbors’ doors to warn them, according to one person she saved.
Yip said he did not think Pak was trying to “exchange one life for another,” only that she was “doing what needed to be done.”
“The difference of a few minutes between us means that I will never see her again. That’s what I can’t accept.”

Like fighting a war ‘every day’ 

Not long after the fire started, counselling psychologist Isaac Yu helped organize dozens of others in his field to support displaced residents.
“The scale, immediacy and level of shock of this (incident) were beyond” anything they had trained for, Yu said.
Those who lost everything might have appeared calm at first, he recalled, but the fear was that they would break down during quiet moments and develop post-traumatic stress disorder.
NGOs such as the Samaritan Befrienders have contacted bereaved families to offer free mental-health services, with additional support available in transitional housing and schools, authorities said.
Many of Hong Kong’s 7.5 million residents obsessively followed live updates of the fire, which could have caused them mental strain, Yu added.
“For those who don’t actively seek help, I’m worried about missing the chance to intervene, which may lead to more serious mental health problems and tragedies,” he said.
Johnson Wong, a 51-year-old business manager, told AFP that his family struggled to process their grief while two of their relatives remained unaccounted for.
While most of the bodies have been identified, some remains have turned to ash and time-consuming DNA tests are needed, police said, adding the death toll could rise further.
Wong’s wife, a nurse, had hoped that her mother and sister would survive. But her worst fears were all but confirmed when she was shown pictures of two charred bodies found inside their flat.
“If the (DNA test) is a match, that marks an ending. But if not, what can we do?” Wong said, adding that the fire had likely deprived his niece, a university student, of her only remaining parent.
“Every day we have been fighting a war... It will take a long time to calm the family.”

‘Incomprehensible’ 

As Hong Kong marks the festive season, more than 4,600 people displaced by the fire still rely on temporary accommodation including hotels, according to Hong Kong’s government.
Some elderly people who were shunted into unfamiliar districts have had trouble adapting, according to local media.
Having moved in with his sons, Yip said his “unrealistic” wish was for his home to be rebuilt the way it was.
The government has yet to commit to renovating or knocking down the ruined estate, and industry figures say resettlement will take years.
On Tuesday, a judge-led committee visited the site as part of an investigation that is expected to yield a report in nine months.
Police said in early December that 21 people linked to various construction and contractor firms had been arrested, most for manslaughter and some for fraud. Those numbers have not been updated since.
Yip said he hoped the authorities would find the truth in the many “incomprehensible” aspects of the tragedy, but Wong was less sanguine.
“Getting an answer is better than none, but can it restore what we lost?” Wong said.
“What we need most are our family members. Two of them are gone.”