Sprinklers and drip irrigation help Iraqis beat drought

A farmer adjusts a sprinkler, part of a new water management systems brought by the UN World Food Programme, on his farm in the village of Al-Azrakiya, in Iraq's central province of Anbar, on February 22, 2024. (AFP)
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Updated 25 March 2024
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Sprinklers and drip irrigation help Iraqis beat drought

  • UN World Food Programme introduced new water management systems to hundreds of farmers in the country

AL-AZRAKIYA, Iraq: After four years of drought, Iraqi farmer Mohammed Sami was about to abandon his father’s parched land, but then a water-saving irrigation system revived his crops and his hopes.

He is among hundreds of farmers in the country battered by heat waves, scarce rain and depleted rivers to benefit from new water management systems brought by the UN World Food Programme.

The systems use automated sprinklers and drip irrigation to ensure scarce water is used in the most efficient way and is not lost as run-off or evaporated under the blazing sun.

“Since 2019, due to the water scarcity, we have been unable to farm the land,” said 38-year-old Sami in his village of Al-Azrakiya in the central province of Anbar.

Crushed by the drought that was turning his 10 dunums, or about one hectare, of land into desert, Sami started working in a nearby city as a day laborer several years ago.

“I thought about giving up farming for good,” he said.

But then, two years ago, Sami’s prospects changed, and his land has flourished again.

The WFP helped with a new automated irrigation system that waters his field for just two hours per day, two to three days a week.

“I now irrigate 10 donums with the same amount of water that I used for one dunums before,” he said, adding that his wheat harvest had shot up from seven to 12 tonnes per year.

Last year the WFP project helped more than 1,100 farmers “in areas most affected by climate change and drought,” said Khansae Ghazi from the UN agency’s Baghdad office.

The new irrigation systems “use 70 percent less water than traditional methods such as flooding” — the vastly more wasteful method used for millennia.

The modern techniques allow farmers to grow diverse crops year-round, also including barley, cucumber, watermelon and eggplant, and reduce “the reliance on unpredictable rainfall,” the WFP said.

Iraq, still recovering from years of war and chaos, is one of the five countries most impacted by some effects of climate change, according to the UN.

The site of ancient Mesopotamia, where civilizations flourished on the banks of the mighty Tigris and Euphrates rivers, Iraq now endures extreme water scarcity, worsened by upstream river dams in Iran and Turkiye.

“Iraq is the Land of Two Rivers, its more than 7,000-year-old civilization has always relied on farming,” said Agriculture Ministry spokesman Mohammed Al-Khazai.

“For decades, the country was afflicted by floods, not drought.”

But as rainfall has become more irregular and water more scarce, leaving aquifers depleted, many farmers have abandoned their plots in the new dust-bowl regions.

During the 2021-22 season, the farm sector’s productivity plunged by 36 percent from the previous year, said the WFP.

State authorities have restricted water use for agriculture to ensure sufficient drinking water for Iraq’s 43 million people.


Tunisia’s famed blue-and-white village threatened after record rains

Updated 31 January 2026
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Tunisia’s famed blue-and-white village threatened after record rains

  • The one-time home of French philosopher Michel Foucault and writer Andre Gide, the village is protected under Tunisian preservation law, pending a UNESCO decision on its bid for World Heritage status

SIDI BOU SAID, Tunisia: Perched on a hill overlooking Carthage, Tunisia’s famed blue-and-white village of Sidi Bou Said now faces the threat of landslides, after record rainfall tore through parts of its slopes.
Last week, Tunisia saw its heaviest downpour in more than 70 years. The storm killed at least five people, with others still missing.
Narrow streets of this village north of Tunis — famed for its pink bougainvillea and studded wooden doors — were cut off by fallen trees, rocks and thick clay. Even more worryingly for residents, parts of the hillside have broken loose.
“The situation is delicate” and “requires urgent intervention,” Mounir Riabi, the regional director of civil defense in Tunis, recently told AFP.
“Some homes are threatened by imminent danger,” he said.
Authorities have banned heavy vehicles from driving into the village and ordered some businesses and institutions to close, such as the Ennejma Ezzahra museum.

- Scared -

Fifty-year-old Maya, who did not give her full name, said she was forced to leave her century-old family villa after the storm.
“Everything happened very fast,” she recalled. “I was with my mother and, suddenly, extremely violent torrents poured down.”
“I saw a mass of mud rushing toward the house, then the electricity cut off. I was really scared.”
Her Moorish-style villa sustained significant damage.
One worker on site, Said Ben Farhat, said waterlogged earth sliding from the hillside destroyed part of a kitchen wall.
“Another rainstorm and it will be a catastrophe,” he said.
Shop owners said the ban on heavy vehicles was another blow to their businesses, as they usually rely on tourist buses to bring in traffic.
When President Kais Saied visited the village on Wednesday, vendors were heard shouting: “We want to work.”
One trader, Mohamed Fedi, told AFP afterwards there were “no more customers.”
“We have closed shop,” he said, adding that the shops provide a livelihood to some 200 families.

- Highly unstable -

Beyond its famous architecture, the village also bears historical and spiritual significance.
The village was named after a 12th-century Sufi saint, Abu Said Al-Baji, who had established a religious center there. His shrine still sits atop the hill.
The one-time home of French philosopher Michel Foucault and writer Andre Gide, the village is protected under Tunisian preservation law, pending a UNESCO decision on its bid for World Heritage status.
Experts say solutions to help preserve Sidi Bou Said could include restricting new development, building more retaining walls and improving drainage to prevent runoff from accumulating.
Chokri Yaich, a geologist speaking to Tunisian radio Mosaique FM, said climate change has made protecting the hill increasingly urgent, warning of more storms like last week’s.
The hill’s clay-rich soil loses up to two thirds of its cohesion when saturated with water, making it highly unstable, Yaich explained.
He also pointed to marine erosion and the growing weight of urbanization, saying that construction had increased by about 40 percent over the past three decades.
For now, authorities have yet to announce a protection plan, leaving home and shop owners anxious, as the weather remains unpredictable.