Ancient amber beads found in Iraq suggest Bronze Age trade between Europe and Middle East

Archaeologists studying ancient amber beads discovered more than 100 years ago have said they indicate the possibility of Bronze Age trade between northern Europe and the Middle East. (J. Lipták, Munich)
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Updated 22 May 2023
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Ancient amber beads found in Iraq suggest Bronze Age trade between Europe and Middle East

  • Chemical analysis found the beads were amber with a “distinctive Baltic shoulder” signature

LONDON: Archaeologists studying ancient amber beads discovered more than 100 years ago have said they indicate the possibility of Bronze Age trade between northern Europe and the Middle East.

Excavations carried out in 1914 by Germany’s Royal Museum in Berlin and the Oriental Society dug out the beads from under the ruins of the “Great Ziggurat of Assur,” a temple tower in what is today northern Iraq and where Assyrian kings were buried around 3,800 years ago.

According to experts, the structure was commissioned around 1800 B.C. by King Shamshi-Adad I who conquered and ruled over lands which make up swathes of modern-day Syria and eastern Turkiye.

After chemical analysis found the beads were amber with a “distinctive Baltic shoulder” signature, modern researchers concluded the amber was gathered along the Baltic coast, nearly 2,000 miles from ancient Mesopotamia, in findings published in the journal Acta Archaeologica.

They said this points to the possibility that they were taken to the Middle East by nobles from a northern-central European culture.

The German researchers say the Unetice culture, a proto-civilization that thrived in lands in what is today Germany, Poland, Slovakia, and Czechia and dominated the amber trade, may have taken the beads to ancient Assyria “as part of a chain of trade and cultural exchange,” The Times newspaper reported.


Arts festival’s decision to exclude Palestinian author spurs boycott

Randa Abdel Fattah. (Photo/Wikipedia)
Updated 12 January 2026
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Arts festival’s decision to exclude Palestinian author spurs boycott

  • A Macquarie University academic who researches Islamophobia and Palestine, Abdel-Fattah responded saying it was “a blatant and shameless act of anti-Palestinian racism and censorship,” with her lawyers issuing a letter to the festival

SYDENY: A top Australian arts festival has seen ​the withdrawal of dozens of writers in a backlash against its decision to bar an Australian Palestinian author after the Bondi Beach mass shooting, as moves to curb antisemitism spur free speech concerns.
The shooting which killed 15 people at a Jewish Hanukkah celebration at Sydney’s Bondi Beach on Dec. 14 sparked nationwide calls to tackle antisemitism. Police say the alleged gunmen were inspired by Daesh.
The Adelaide Festival board said last Thursday it would disinvite Randa ‌Abdel-Fattah from February’s ‌Writers Week in the state of South Australia because “it ‌would not ​be ‌culturally sensitive to continue to program her at this unprecedented time so soon after Bondi.”

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• Abdel-Fattah responded, saying it was ‘a blatant and shameless act of anti-Palestinian racism and censorship.’

• Around 50 authors have since withdrawn from the festival in protest, leaving it in doubt, local media reported.

A Macquarie University academic who researches Islamophobia and Palestine, Abdel-Fattah responded saying it was “a blatant and shameless act of anti-Palestinian racism and censorship,” with her lawyers issuing a letter to the festival.
Around 50 authors have since withdrawn from the festival in protest, leaving it in doubt, local media reported.
Among the boycotting authors, Kathy Lette wrote on social media the decision to bar Abdel-Fattah “sends a divisive and plainly discriminatory message that platforming Australian Palestinians is ‘culturally insensitive.'”
The Adelaide Festival ‌said in a statement on Monday that three board ‍members and the chairperson had resigned. The ‍festival’s executive director, Julian Hobba, said the arts body was “navigating a complex moment.”

 a complex and ‍unprecedented moment” after the “significant community response” to the board decision.
In the days after the Bondi Beach attack, Jewish community groups and the Israeli government criticized Prime Minister Anthony Albanese for failing to act on a rise in antisemitic attacks and criticized protest marches against Israel’s war in ​Gaza held since 2023.
Albanese said last week a Royal Commission will consider the events of the shooting as well as antisemitism and ⁠social cohesion in Australia. Albanese said on Monday he would recall parliament next week to pass tougher hate speech laws.
On Monday, New South Wales state premier Chris Minns announced new rules that would allow local councils to cut off power and water to illegally operating prayer halls.
Minns said the new rules were prompted by the difficulty in closing a prayer hall in Sydney linked to a cleric found by a court to have made statements intimidating Jewish Australians.
The mayor of the western Sydney suburb of Fairfield said the rules were ill-considered and councils should not be responsible for determining hate speech.
“Freedom ‌of speech is something that should always be allowed, as long as it is done in a peaceful way,” Mayor Frank Carbone told Reuters.