Simplified taxation system can help combat shadow economy, BNP Paribas tells ZATCA conference

International Head of Economics at BNP Paribas Bank Marcelo Carvalho (Screenshot)
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Updated 08 February 2023
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Simplified taxation system can help combat shadow economy, BNP Paribas tells ZATCA conference

RIYADH: Combating the shadow economy is key to meeting rising spending demands, according to the International Head of Economics at BNP Paribas Bank Marcelo Carvalho.

Speaking during a panel discussion on the first day of the Zakat, Customs, and Tax conference in Riyadh, Carvalho noted that addressing the shadow economy can help boost tax revenues.

When taxes are high and the system is complex, there is a perceived unfairness in the tax system and the shadow economy tends to occur, he simplified.

“The point is that if the system is too complex, if the cost of compliance is high, it means an incentive for the shadow economy to prosper. So, making sure that the system itself is not excessively burdensome is very important so that the cost of compliance is reduced,” Carvalho said during the panel discussion.

He went on to argue that the three most crucial drivers of a shadow economy are taxation, regulation, and incentives.

On the fiscal front, raising tax revenues is also “particularly important in today's global macroeconomic environment in which the costs of debt are rising and monetary tightening is happening across the globe,” the international head of economics explained.

This is evident by the fact that banks worldwide are hiking interest rates to fight inflation, thereby increasing the burden of interest payments, Carvalho clarified.

With regards to incentives, they are expected to be higher given the perception that economic agents will never get caught. That said, it is vital to have very clear penalties for non-compliance as well as a detection system that ensures enforcement of the rules, Carvalho emphasized.

Also speaking at the panel discussion, the Minister of Economy and Planning Faisal bin Fadel Al-Ibrahim described how, in addition to general finances, the shadow economy can also impact the competitiveness of the private sector as well as individuals, citizens, residents, and employees.

“When we address this phenomenon in general, this will serve the national economy and increase GDP. This can give us a chance and an opportunity to increase the financing capabilities,” Al-Ibrahim said.

The Zakat, Tax, and Customs conference aims to tackle global experiences in the fields and discuss the future of digitizing those sectors as well as propelling trade and protecting national security.


First EU–Saudi roundtable on critical raw materials reflects shared policy commitment

Updated 16 January 2026
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First EU–Saudi roundtable on critical raw materials reflects shared policy commitment

RIYADH: The EU–Saudi Arabia Business and Investment Dialogue on Advancing Critical Raw Materials Value Chains, held in Riyadh as part of the Future Minerals Forum, brought together senior policymakers, industry leaders, and investors to advance strategic cooperation across critical raw materials value chains.

Organized under a Team Europe approach by the EU–GCC Cooperation on Green Transition Project, in coordination with the EU Delegation to Saudi Arabia, the European Chamber of Commerce in the Kingdom and in close cooperation with FMF, the dialogue provided a high-level platform to explore European actions under the EU Critical Raw Materials Act and ResourceEU alongside the Kingdom’s aspirations for minerals, industrial, and investment priorities.

This is in line with Saudi Vision 2030 and broader regional ambitions across the GCC, MENA, and Africa.

ResourceEU is the EU’s new strategic action plan, launched in late 2025, to secure a reliable supply of critical raw materials like lithium, rare earths, and cobalt, reducing dependency on single suppliers, such as China, by boosting domestic extraction, processing, recycling, stockpiling, and strategic partnerships with resource-rich nations.

The first ever EU–Saudi roundtable on critical raw materials was opened by the bloc’s Ambassador to the Kingdom, Christophe Farnaud, together with Saudi Deputy Minister for Mining Development Turki Al-Babtain, turning policy alignment into concrete cooperation.

Farnaud underlined the central role of international cooperation in the implementation of the EU’s critical raw materials policy framework.

“As the European Union advances the implementation of its Critical Raw Materials policy, international cooperation is indispensable to building secure, diversified, and sustainable value chains. Saudi Arabia is a key partner in this effort. This dialogue reflects our shared commitment to translate policy alignment into concrete business and investment cooperation that supports the green and digital transitions,” said the ambassador.

Discussions focused on strengthening resilient, diversified, and responsible CRM supply chains that are essential to the green and digital transitions.

Participants explored concrete opportunities for EU–Saudi cooperation across the full value chain, including exploration, mining, and processing and refining, as well as recycling, downstream manufacturing, and the mobilization of private investment and sustainable finance, underpinned by high environmental, social, and governance standards.

From the Saudi side, the dialogue was framed as a key contribution to the Kingdom’s industrial transformation and long-term economic diversification agenda under Vision 2030, with a strong focus on responsible resource development and global market integration.

“Developing globally competitive mineral hubs and sustainable value chains is a central pillar of Saudi Vision 2030 and the Kingdom’s industrial transformation. Our engagement with the European Union through this dialogue to strengthen upstream and downstream integration, attract high-quality investment, and advance responsible mining and processing. Enhanced cooperation with the EU, capitalizing on the demand dynamics of the EU Critical Raw Materials Act, will be key to delivering long-term value for both sides,” said Al-Babtain.

Valere Moutarlier, deputy director-general for European industry decarbonization, and directorate-general for the internal market, industry, entrepreneurship and SMEs at European Commission, said the EU Critical Raw Materials Act and ResourceEU provided a clear framework to strengthen Europe’s resilience while deepening its cooperation with international partners.

“Cooperation with Saudi Arabia is essential to advancing secure, sustainable, and diversified critical raw materials value chains. Dialogues such as this play a key role in translating policy ambitions into concrete industrial and investment cooperation,” she added.