ANKARA: A Dec. 29 report from Expression Interrupted highlights Turkey’s repeated violations of Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights, to which it is a signatory party, and its failure to comply with rulings handed down by the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR).
Of all 47 members of the Council of Europe, Turkey has the most violations of freedom of expression under Article 10 of the Convention. Of the 845 judgments ECtHR delivered between 1959 and 2019, 356 were against Turkey — almost five times as many as against the distant runner-up, Russia.
Turkey also tops the list of rights violations pertaining to all articles of the constitution. “Between 1959 and 2019, 3,645 of the 22,535 judgments delivered by the Court were against Turkey, making it the country against which the ECtHR has delivered the most judgments,” the report reads. Out of 5,231 cases currently pending execution by signatory parties, 689 of them are against Turkey.
The report also noted: “One of the most important reasons for these huge numbers is non-implementation of the previous judgments of the ECtHR, which sets the stage for repetition of similar violations in the future,” and emphasized that broad interpretation of acts including “insulting the president” or “denigrating the Turkish nation/state” have been used as a basis for arrests and convictions, in violation of ECtHR rulings.
The jailed Kurdish politician and former co-chair of Turkey’s Peoples’ Democratic Party (HDP), Selahattin Demirtas, and philanthropist and businessperson Osman Kavala, are two of the highest-profile prisoners in the country, despite rulings from the ECtHR calling for their immediate release. The report suggests that their continued imprisonment is designed “to punish and discourage the exercise of freedom of expression.”
“The speed with which Turkish authorities implement judgments such as those regarding Kavala and Demirtas show what kind of commitment Turkey has to the founding values of the Council of Europe and the European Convention on Human Rights,” Massimo Frigo, senior international lawyer at the International Commission of Jurists (ICJ), told Arab News.
Last week, the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (PACE) once again urged Ankara to comply with the ECtHR’s ruling that Demirtas should be released immediately.
Turkey is one of the founding members of the Council of Europe and ratified the European Convention on Human Rights in 1954. “Under Article 46 of the Convention, Turkey is bound to implement the judgments of the European Court of Human Rights at a domestic level,” human rights lawyer Beril Morel told Arab News.
According to Morel, Turkey has a particularly poor track record when it comes to the implementation of judgments rendered on politically sensitive cases. “The refusal of Ankara to recognize the violations in Demirtaş’ and Kavala’s cases are a recent example,” she said.
Morel cited “the actions of security forces; the lawfulness of detention; domestic violence; freedom of thought, conscience and religion; freedom of expression and information; and freedom of assembly and association” as the topics likely to “top the ECtHR agenda concerning Turkey.”
“Turkey amended its Constitution to recognize the supremacy of international law over its domestic law. Article 90 of the Constitution expressly provides that international conventions concerning human rights, ECtHR being one of these, prevail over domestic law in case of a conflict between those,” Morel said. Therefore, Turkey should implement the ECtHR’s judgements. However, she pointed out, the ECtHR can only intervene in the domestic implementation of its rulings by member states if the matter is brought to its attention with a second application and a violation of Article 46 of the Convention is found.
“We are leaving 2020 behind with a heavy heart. Turkey’s human rights and rule-of-law crisis has deepened further,” Ayse Bingol Demir, a human rights lawyer and co-director of the Turkey Human Rights Litigation Support Project, told Arab News.
According to Demir, the ongoing detention of Kavala and Demirtas — despite ECtHR rulings — will be an important feature of the Council of Europe Committee of Ministers’ agenda in 2021.
“Turkey will likely face increasing pressure and sharper decisions from the Committee,” she said. “As it did in the case of Kavala in 2020, I expect the Committee to conclude that the ongoing detention of Demirtas constitutes a continued violation of the European Court’s rulings,” she said.
“The Committee will also focus on arbitrary and unlawful detentions; the frequent use of anti-terror legislation to target the legitimate activities of human rights defenders and opposition politicians; and the lack of independence and impartiality of the judiciary,” she continued. “If the ruling government decides to insist on its current policy of denial, 2021 will certainly be a more difficult year in its relations with the Council of Europe.”
Turkey’s crackdown on freedom of expression highlighted in new report
https://arab.news/r6szt
Turkey’s crackdown on freedom of expression highlighted in new report
Unfancied nations face up to challenges in T20 World Cup
- Seeding process had a predestined feel to it
- Dice loaded against associates, even unseeded full members
COLOMBO: Seven weeks prior to the 2026 ICC T20 Men’s World Cup, each of the 20 teams were pre-assigned a fixed label by the International Cricket Council. In each of the four groups, those teams considered to be the top ranked were numbered 1 and 2. In Group A, for example, India were A1 and Pakistan A2. Given that the tournament is co-hosted by India and Sri Lanka, the labels provided a basis for the ICC to allocate venues and teams for the Super Eight stage, as well as assisting fans and broadcasters to plan travel and schedules. My focus was on attending matches in Sri Lanka.
This seeding process had a predestined feel to it, as if those teams labelled 3, 4 and 5, nine of which are associate ICC members, were not expected to qualify for the Super Eight stage. Undeterred, several of them have provided surprises and near shocks in the group stages. Leading the way have been Zimbabwe, as Australia found out to their cost, being the only seeded team not to qualify for the Super Eights.
If there were to be an award for the most devoted and inspiring set of supporters it would surely be those of Zimbabwe. A hard core of six, the Castle Corner group, dressed in the national colours of red and yellow, chanted and danced their way through Zimbabwe’s matches. Zimbabwean cricket has experienced dark days in the last 25 years, including suspension by the ICC in 2019, largely because of political interference.
After the team’s qualification, their players saluted them, singing in unison across the small divide between the dressing rooms and the terraces. The chants of the supporters, backed by drums and horns, have been much more resonant than the muzak which is belted out between overs or when boundaries are scored. Success has come at price because Zimbabwe have to play their Super Eight matches in India. The supporters, who paid their own way, were faced with unexpected extra costs.
Overall, support for teams other than the host nations has been limited. This has not stopped those supporters making themselves heard. Nepal are always guaranteed raucous support, Irish supporters can always be heard, while England’s barmy army is a constant source of support for the team in overseas venues. However, English voices struggled to make themselves heard above the incessant noise generated by Sri Lanka supporters in the match at Pallekele, Kandy, last Sunday, until it became apparent that Sri Lanka had crumbled to a defeat that seemed unlikely at halfway.
There was a feeling of expectancy that at least one of the associate nations would spring a shock. Nepal almost beat England. Requiring 10 runs to win in the last over, Sam Curran denied them, conceding six runs, to leave the Nepal team and their supporters in despair.
Perhaps the disappointment of that narrow loss seeped into Nepal’s next performance. Quite how they were bowled out for 123 by Italy, who then reached the target with the loss of no wickets in 12.4 overs, beggars belief. The Italian team and their supporters brought typical Italian elan to the tournament. It is obviously something that is in the genes, since the players do not live in Italy.
Several of them have never been to the country they represent. In October 2024 I was invited to an evening with the Italian Cricket Federation in London and wrote about that experience in my column at the time. Simone Gambino, a leading light for decades in the development of Italian cricket, explained to me that qualification is based on citizenship, a concept for which he fought long and hard. The majority of the squad have Italian grandparents. One of those is Marcus Campopiano, who lives and plays his cricket in southern England.
As the team were about to embark on their World Cup qualifying tournament in Uganda in 2024, I remarked to Campopiano that if the team were successful, it would join the “big boys.” His reply was that they had a good team, and so it has proved. The injury in the first World Cup match to South African-born captain Wayne Madsen, a seasoned player in English county cricket, was a setback. Throughout the group stage, the PR campaign to support the team has been excellent, especially on Instagram. It will be interesting to watch how the two weeks in the spotlight are used to build the team in the future and whether further success will be achieved.
On the surface it may appear that the gap is narrowing between full and associate-member teams. It is undeniable that there have been close finishes. On Feb. 7, in the opening match in Colombo, Pakistan required 29 runs from the last 12 deliveries to beat the Netherlands. In the 19th over, Max O’Dowd failed to catch Faheem Ashraf, who proceeded to win the game for Pakistan. In a sign of the times, O’Dowd immediately received social media abuse. Shortly afterwards, in Mumbai, the US reduced India to 77 for six by the 13th over. Suryakumar Yadav, India’s captain, who survived a dropped catch when he had scored 15, rescued his team, scoring 84 from 49 deliveries. India won by 29 runs.
Those scares may have been the result of “first night” nerves for Pakistan and India, or two associate teams running high on adrenalin. In the aftermath of England’s scrape against Nepal and an indifferent performance against Scotland, the team captain, Harry Brook, let slip that those opponents may have been underestimated. This is a dangerous stance for any full member team to adopt. Associates have shown that, on certain days, they can take their more powerful opponents to the brink. However, in the five-team group format adopted for the 2024 and 2026 T20 World Cups, consisting of two full and three associate members, only once, in 2024, have one of the latter (Canada) beaten any of the former (Pakistan).
While this meant that Pakistan failed to reach the Super Eights, it was Canada’s only win. In order to finish in the top two places, an associate probably has to beat the other two associates and hope that the full member they beat will also lose to the other full member. These scenarios can be modeled, but that would ignore the reality faced by associates. This is driven by economics. The expansion to 20 teams in 2024 has been hailed as another step toward the democratization of cricket but, under the ICC’s revenue distribution model, associate member boards receive about 1/60 of the amount received by their Indian counterpart. The reasons for this are well rehearsed: India generates over 80 percent of cricket’s global revenues and remains determined to receive what it considers to be its fair share.
An impressive but losing performance by an associate against a full member will catch the headlines, but it will not lay the foundations to beat full members on a regular basis. This requires the opportunity to play against those teams more often. The chances are low. Instead, associates will play other associates, often in qualification pathways for subsequent World Cups. Captains of associate teams have spoken of players lacking experience in crucial moments, of lacking depth compared with full member teams, and of not playing cricket regularly enough. The Netherlands, for example, do not have another international fixture between their last World Cup match on Feb. 18 until the summer. If their players are not involved in any intervening tournaments, the top edges of their performance will atrophy.
It seems that the dice are loaded against associates and even the unseeded full members. The romance of a brave, close defeat; vociferous, loyal, but limited support; and appearances in cricket’s media channels, is tempered by economic reality.
The UAE, Nepal, the US, and Canada have each developed their own T20 franchise leagues, with a European one set to launch. These provide an opportunity for local talent to learn from established international players and coaches. Yet, without an unlikely reform of the ICC’s revenue distribution model, associates will continue to be locked into a hierarchical system that encourages expanding numbers of them to fight for places at an increasingly rich man’s table.
