CAIRO/WASHINGTON: The United States on Monday reinstated Sudan’s sovereign immunity, as the US Congress passed legislation formalizing the move, following the ending of Sudan’s designation as a state sponsor of terror.
However, the legislation includes an exemption allowing lawsuits by the families of victims of the Sept. 11, 2001, attacks on the United States already underway in US courts to move forward, although experts say Sudan is unlikely to lose those cases.
The state sponsor of terror designation, which was in place for almost three decades, had weighed on Sudan’s economy and restricted its ability to receive aid. For investors, the reinstating of sovereign immunity removes another layer of financial risk.
Sudan had been engaged in talks with the United States for months, and paid a negotiated $335 million settlement to victims of Al-Qaeda attacks on US embassies in East Africa in 1998 who had been awarded much higher damages by US courts.
The process to release the settlement money and restore Sudan’s sovereign immunity — protection against being sued in American courts — had been stalled in the US Congress as it had been tied to the $892 billion coronavirus aid package.
Late on Monday, the wider package was passed in the US Congress after a deal has been worked out in a rare weekend session, and sent to President Donald Trump to sign into law.
According to the bill, Washington will be authorizing $111 million to pay off part of Sudan’s bilateral debt, and $120 to help pay off its debt to the International Monetary Fund (IMF) while making another $700 million available until September 2022 for assistance to the country.
Last week, Sudan’s finance minister announced a US “bridge loan” that would allow Sudan to clear $1 billion in arrears to the World Bank.
A US source familiar with the matter said the debt assistance would help kick off Sudan’s debt relief on a global level, helping make it eligible for the IMF’s Highly Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) program.
With the reinstatement of sovereign immunity and the financial aid, Khartoum will now be “on the hook,” to normalize ties with Israel, a US source familiar with the matter said, a move it has agreed to under US pressure.
In a joint statement in October, Israel and Sudan said they had agreed to normalize relations and end the state of belligerence between the two countries, but Sudan’s civilian leaders have said the final decision would be in the hands of a yet-to-be-formed transitional legislature.
The normalization would make Sudan one of the four Arab countries along with the United Arab Emirates, Bahrain and Morocco, over the past several months, to establish relations with Israel in deals brokered with US help.
The bill also appropriates an additional $150 million for Sudan’s settlement payment, in order to redistribute the funds in a way the bill’s sponsors say is more equitable.
The United States designated Sudan a state sponsor of terrorism in 1993 on the grounds that former President Omar Al-Bashir’s regime was supporting militant groups including Al-Qaeda, Hamas and Hezbollah.
In the 1990s, the regime became a pariah, hosting Osama bin Laden and positioning itself as a fulcrum for Islamist movements, although experts still say Sudan’s liability for the Sept. 11 attacks is questionable.
US reinstates Sudan’s sovereign immunity, authorizes funds to help pay debt
https://arab.news/jxkp4
US reinstates Sudan’s sovereign immunity, authorizes funds to help pay debt
- The legislation includes an exemption allowing lawsuits by the families of victims of the 9/11 attack
- The state sponsor of terror designation was in place for almost three decades
Syrian church marks Christmas and reaffirms faith months after deadly attack
- The June attack was blamed on a Daesh cell, which authorities said had also planned to target a Shiite shrine
DWEIL’A: At a church in Syria where a suicide attack killed 25 people in June, hundreds of worshippers gathered before Christmas to remember those they lost and reaffirm their faith.
With a small detail of security forces standing guard outside, members of Mar Elias Church held Mass on Tuesday evening and lit an image of Christmas tree made of neon lights on the wall of the courtyard outside. The tree was hung with pictures of those who were killed in the attack.
They include three men the congregation hails as heroes for tackling the bomber, potentially averting a much higher death toll in the June 22 attack.
A man opened fire then detonated an explosive vest inside the Greek Orthodox church in Dweil’a on the outskirts of Damascus as it was filled with people praying on a Sunday.
Before he detonated the vest, brothers Boutros and Gergis Bechara and another congregant, Milad Haddad, tackled the shooter and pushed him out of the center of the church, congregants said.
“If it weren’t for the three of them, maybe not one person would remain out of 400 people,” said Imad Haddad, the brother of Milad Haddad, who attended Tuesday’s Christmas tree lighting.
He hasn’t decorated for Christmas or put up a tree at home, but gathering at the church was “is a message of peace and love” and a message that “we are believers and we are strong and we are steadfast in spite of everything,” he said.
Thana Al-Masoud, the widow of Boutros Bechara, recalled searching frantically for her husband after the explosion but she never found him, alive or dead. His body had been ripped apart by the blast.
“There’s no holiday, neither this year nor next year nor the one after it,” she said.
She takes comfort in the belief that her husband and the two other men who confronted the attacker are martyrs for their faith.
“Our Lord chose them to be saints and to spread His word to all the world,” she said. “But the separation is difficult.”
Attack stoked Christian fears
The attack on the church was the first of its kind in Syria in years and came as a new Sunni militant- dominated government in Damascus sought to win the confidence of religious minorities following the ouster of former President Bashar Assad.
Interim President Ahmad Al-Sharaa has struggled to exert authority across the country, even in the ranks of allied groups. There have been several deadly outbreaks of sectarian violence in the country in the past year.
While the new government has condemned attacks on minorities, many accuse it of failing to act to control the armed factions it is trying to absorb into the new state army and security forces.
The June attack was blamed on a Daesh cell, which authorities said had also planned to target a Shiite shrine. Daesh did not claim responsibility for the attack, while a little-known group called Saraya Ansar Al-Sunna said one of its members had carried out the attack. The government said the group was a cover for Daesh.
Christians made up about 10 percent of Syria’s population of 23 million before mass anti-government protests in 2011 were met by a brutal government crackdown and spiraled into a brutal 14-year civil war that saw the rise of IS and other extremist groups.
Hundreds of thousands of Christians fled during the war, during which there were sectarian attacks on Christians including the kidnapping of nuns and priests and destruction of churches. Now many are once again seeking to leave.
Solidifying faith and seeking peace
Since losing her husband in the church attack, Juliette Alkashi feels numb.
The couple had been sweethearts before she left Syria with her mother and brother to emigrate to Venezuela. In 2018, when Emile Bechara asked her to marry him, Alkashi moved back to Syria even though it was still in the midst of a civil war.
“Whatever is going to happen will happen, and I’ve surrendered to it,” she said. “If one goes to pray and dies in the church — whatever God has written is what will be.”
The only thing that matters now, Alkashi said, is that she and her 3-year-old son remain together.
Some congregants said the attack only strengthened their faith.
“I saw a column of smoke rising from the ground to the ceiling, and I heard a voice saying, ‘I will not forsake you and I will not leave you,’” said Hadi Kindarji, who described an intense spiritual experience in the moment of the explosion.
He believes today that even the seemingly senseless violence was part of God’s plan.
“Our God is present, and He was present in the church,” he said.
Yohanna Shehadeh, the priest of Mar Elias church, acknowledged many in the congregation are afraid of more deadly violence.
“Fear is a natural state. I’m not going to tell you there is no fear, and I’m not only talking about the Christians but about all the Syrian people, from all sects,” Shehadeh said.
As Christmas approaches, he said, they are praying for peace.
