SAMA to become Saudi Central Bank, with full independence

The Saudi Arabian Monetary Authority’s headquarters in Riyadh. (Supplied)
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Updated 25 November 2020
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SAMA to become Saudi Central Bank, with full independence

  • New central bank to be linked directly to king but its president independent of government
  • Bank’s core responsibilities to maintain monetary reserves, boost confidence, trust in financial sector

RIYADH: The Council of Ministers on Tuesday approved a new law which includes changing the name of the Saudi Arabian Monetary Authority (SAMA) to the Saudi Central Bank.

Under the legislation, the new Saudi Central Bank will be linked directly to the monarch and will enjoy full financial and managerial independence.

The Saudi Central Bank Law set out three core objectives for the new institution namely, to maintain cash stability, boost confidence and trust in the financial sector, and support economic growth.

The new legislation states that the central bank is responsible for setting and managing monetary policy and it outlines the relationship between the bank, the government, and other international important organizations and bodies. It also sets a framework to govern the bank’s operations and decisions.

Fadhel Al-Buainain, an economic expert and member of the Shoura Council, said one of the important aspects of the Saudi Central Bank Law was that it was linked directly to the king.

“This enhances its full independence with respect to setting the monetary policy and the bank’s relationship with the government and global organizations,” he added.

The law states that the abbreviation SAMA, which was established in 1952, would remain unchanged due to its historical importance domestically and internationally.

“The fact that the bank will keep the SAMA abbreviation unchanged is important and reflects a wise decision because the abbreviation is widely-known,” Al-Buainain said.

While the SAMA acronym will remain, Hassan Alwatban, an economic consultant, outlined the differences between the monetary authority and the central bank.

For the central bank to perform its duties properly, he said it needed to be fully independent when it came to decision-making, especially decisions related to managing state funds.

Another difference was that the president of the central bank would not be under the state’s authority and their nomination would be made by a legislative authority. The government or state could not appoint or remove the president except by the most supreme judiciary authority.

Thirdly, he added, a government agency could not interfere in the bank’s affairs because the bank enjoyed full monetary power.

Alwatban told Arab News: “Therefore, changing the monetary authority to a central bank is healthy for the national economy.

“The tasks of the Ministry of Finance, which is responsible for financial policies, will be set apart from the tasks of the central bank, which is responsible for setting the monetary policies. Before the change, the tasks of the Ministry of Finance and SAMA overlapped.

“Besides, the Ministry of Finance was in charge of the financial policy and the monetary policy at the same time, a fact that made SAMA focus on serving the banks’ interests more than focusing on serving the interests of citizens,” he added.


Global Markets: Asian stocks fall as Iran war keeps oil at $100, upends rate outlook

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Global Markets: Asian stocks fall as Iran war keeps oil at $100, upends rate outlook

  • Asian stocks set for consecutive weeks in the red
  • Traders rapidly cut Fed rate cut ‌wagers for the year
  • Investors focus on oil prices, inflation risks

SINGAPORE: Asian stocks slumped on Friday, poised for a second straight weekly decline as fast-dwindling hopes of a resolution to the US ​and Israel’s war with Iran kept oil prices aloft, casting a shadow over global markets and spurring inflation fears.

The US dollar has become the safe-haven of choice during the tumult, putting most other currencies under pressure. The dollar was set for a second consecutive week of gains and is up 2 percent since the war broke out at the end of February.

The yen hit its weakest level since July 2024 at 159.69 per US dollar on Friday as Japan warned that it was ready to take action to protect against yen declines. It was last at 159.41.

Analysts said the bar for intervention is higher this time around as any intervention now could prove futile in the face of the relentless dollar buying.

In ‌Asia, MSCI’s broadest ‌index of Asia-Pacific shares slipped 1 percent, on course for a 2.2 percent decline for ​the week. ‌Japan’s ⁠Nikkei fell ​1.4 percent, ⁠while tech-heavy South Korean stocks slid nearly 2 percent.

European futures point to a slightly higher open but may struggle to hold those gains on weak sentiment.

Oil prices remained close to $100 per barrel level, although they eased a bit on Friday after US issued a 30-day license for countries to buy Russian oil and petroleum products currently stranded at sea.

Brent futures were at $100.70 a barrel at 9:47 a.m. Saudi time, while West Texas Intermediate crude was at $95.59. They were both hovering around $60 levels at the start of 2026.

“Headlines are coming at the market like water from a fire hose, which is impacting the price of oil, and consequently, financial markets,” said Mitch ⁠Reznick, group head of fixed income at Federated Hermes.

“The question remains to what extent ‌we are caught in the $80-plus range even as the headlines become ‌banal with their frequency and contradictions.”

With Iran stepping up attacks across the Middle ​East as its new Supreme Leader Mojtaba Khamenei vowed to ‌keep the Strait of Hormuz shipping lane closed, investors are bracing for a prolonged conflict and higher oil prices.

The ‌spectre of rising inflation has led markets to rapidly reprice what they expect from central banks this year, with traders now anticipating just 20 basis points of easing from the Federal Reserve compared to 50 bps of cuts priced in last month.

The selloff in global stocks and bonds shows no signs of easing. US stocks fell sharply overnight and the two-year Treasury yields, which typically move in ‌step with Fed interest rate expectations, scaled a six-month high on Thursday.

“With the possibility of higher oil prices still elevated, investors should be prepared for continued volatility and potentially further ⁠downside in the near ⁠term,” said Vasu Menon, managing director of investment strategy at OCBC in Singapore.

Shifting rates outlook

Jose Torres, senior economist at Interactive Brokers, said the impact of rising oil prices on corporate margins, inflation expectations, rate-cut prospects and yields is sparking volatility, leaving participants with few places to hide.

“Indeed, sinking optimism about Fed rate reductions amid strengthening cost pressures is weighing on traditional safe havens such as silver, gold, and government debt.”

The two-year note yield eased 3 bps to 3.730 percent after hitting its highest level since August 22 on Thursday. The yield has gained 35 bps in the two weeks since the war started.

The yield on the longer-dated 30-year bond has risen 24 bps this month.

Investor focus will switch to a slate of policy meetings next week with the Fed, the Bank of Japan, the European Central Bank and the Bank of England all due to meet, with most expected to keep rates unchanged. The Reserve Bank of Australia is broadly expected to hike ​rates next week.

In currencies, the euro was steady ​at $1.15035, on course for a weekly decline of nearly 1 percent. The dollar index was at 99.816, set for about a 1 percent weekly advance.
Gold was 0.4 percent higher at $5,101 per ounce on Friday but set for a 1 percent drop for the week.