Turkey hits social media giants with $1m fines

Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan makes a speech after cabinet meeting at Presidential Complex in Ankara, on Nov. 3, 2020. (File/AFP)
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Updated 05 November 2020
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Turkey hits social media giants with $1m fines

  • Social media giants that continue to flout the Turkish law face an additional fine of up to $3.6 million in the next 30 days

ANKARA: Turkey’s telecommunications regulatory authority on Wednesday handed down individual company fines of 10 million Turkish lira ($1.26 million) to Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, Periscope, YouTube and TikTok for breaching the country’s new social media regulations.

Controversial legislation that came into effect on Oct. 1 requires social media platforms with more than 1 million users to appoint a local representative in Turkey or face a hefty fine, an advertising ban and data restrictions.

So far, only Russian site VK has adhered to the ruling.

Social media giants that continue to flout the Turkish law face an additional fine of up to $3.6 million in the next 30 days, followed by an advertising ban in January next year, and then bandwidth being gradually slashed by up to 90 percent until May.

Sarphan Uzunoglu, an expert on communication technologies from Bilgi University in Istanbul, told Arab News that “such a restriction is against the functioning of the modern economy.” 

“These companies have been trying the limits of the state,” he added.

New social media regulations have been criticized as an attempt to control the country’s digital landscape by requiring all data on Turkish social media users to be stored in Turkey.

The platforms are also obliged to investigate claims on personal and privacy rights within 48 hours and will be held responsible for failure to remove content deemed “illegal” by Turkish authorities within 24 hours.

Uzunoglu said that firms hit with fines should have appointed a representative in Turkey long ago in order to better fight disinformation campaigns and actively handle judicial issues such as users’ privacy.

Experts believe that Turkey’s stance on press freedom and rule of law have encouraged social media companies to challenge the latest restrictions. The networks are used by an estimated 54 million people in the country, almost two thirds of the population.

Turkey has been ranked 154th out of 180 countries in the Reporters Without Borders 2020 World Press Freedom Index, and the latest data from the World Justice Project placed Turkey 107th out of 128 nations in the Rule of Law Index.

Burak Dalgin, a technology expert and founding member of the recently formed breakaway Deva Party, told Arab News: “This new legislation was hastily passed by parliament without searching for any consensus and it is aimed at restricting the only public domain for free speech remaining in Turkey, which is the internet.

In a country where about 90 percent of conventional media is under governmental control, the social media legislation was passed only 16 hours after it came before the Turkish parliament.

Dalgin said that it was impossible to resolve a global problem with domestic laws that were not modeled on international practices.

In a statement on Wednesday, the Deva Party said: “We don’t want a repressive mindset in Turkey; we don’t want an impoverished and isolated country. This social media law undermined our country’s prestige at the international sphere.

“We accord high priority to pass such laws with a participatory approach. A technology ambassador should be appointed to Silicon Valley rather than opting for such restrictions.”

However, a report prepared by the ruling Justice and Development Party earlier this year proposed the creation of local digital platforms to protect national data and “cultural sensitivities.”

Isik Mater, a digital rights activist and research director at the NetBlocks monitoring group, told Arab News: “Social media platforms don’t open a representation office in Turkey because they see it as a risky country in terms of freedom of expression and state monitoring of the digital landscape.”

As the platforms rely on advertising revenues, any ban might force companies to assign a representative, experts say.

“However, it is unlikely that any social media company would agree to store Turkish users’ data in Turkish territories. In this way, it would be easier for the government authorities to reach personal data and abuse them,” Mater added.


From injury to influence: Khaled Olyan — the new voice of Arab football

Updated 30 January 2026
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From injury to influence: Khaled Olyan — the new voice of Arab football

  • The Saudi social media star — TikTok’s Arab Creator of the Year — recounts how a setback ended his playing ambitions and pushed him to redirect his passion 
  • Known for memes and commentary that blend football, travel, culture and everyday life, Olyan is FIFA-accredited as a sport informant and covered AFCON 2025 in Morocco

LONDON: A broken dream launched Khaled Olyan’s unexpected rise as a Saudi social media star. Passion and perseverance took him from shattered ambitions to the Africa Cup of Nations 2025 in Morocco, where he surfed the hype while representing Arab culture.

“The journey began with a child who dreamed of becoming a football player to fulfill his own dreams and those of his family and community. After an injury ended that path, I didn’t break, I redirected my passion toward football media,” he said.

In an interview with Arab News, shortly after being crowned TikTok’s Arab Content Creator of the Year, Olyan — who has 13.2 million followers on that platform and 5 million on Instagram — credited his rise to “pure passion and honest content,” and said he had learned over time that “consistency matters more than fast virality.”

He added: “The turning point came when I realized that content can genuinely impact people, not just generate numbers or views. (Then I) stepped outside the traditional sports-content framework and linked football to culture, people, and place. It wasn’t a guaranteed path, but it shaped my identity today as a creator with a clear message and purpose.”

Olyan made history as the first regional creator to be accredited by FIFA as a ‘sport informant,’ a milestone that, he said, has given “local content global credibility and reach.”

Most recently, he was in Morocco to document AFCON, where he highlighted both the host country’s hospitality and the electric atmosphere in the grounds.

“It felt like a responsibility before it was an achievement,” he said. “I felt that my role went beyond coverage to building cultural bridges between people.”

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

A post shared by KHALID ALOLAYAN (@olyan15k)

Known for his memes and commentaries blending football, travel, culture and everyday life with feel-good humor, fans hail his “unmatched enthusiasm” and refer to him as “the voice of Saudi football fans.”

“Content today is no longer just entertainment,” he said. “It has become documentation of moments and an influence on collective awareness, especially in sports and culture across the Arab world. That (means there is) a much greater responsibility on everything I create.”

Saudi Arabia’s content-creator ecosystem has evolved dramatically in recent years, driven by a wider national transformation that has reshaped almost all aspects of public life, including sports and entertainment.

“The transformation has been rapid and significant, opening unprecedented opportunities for creators,” Olyan said. As the country moves “quickly toward global leadership in sports,” he added, it has also raised ambitions and created new routes for people to turn dreams into reality.

Across the region, the creator economy is booming, powered by a young audience, government investment and platforms such as TikTok. In 2025, the GCC alone was home to 263,000 social media influencers — a 75-percent increase in just two years according to data from Qoruz, an influencer-marketing intelligence platform.

Globally, fashion and entertainment dominate the influencer industry, but the GCC market has followed a slightly different trajectory. Lifestyle and travel also lead the charts, reflecting both regional affluence and a cultural emphasis on luxury, aesthetics, and experience-led content.

href="https://www.tiktok.com/tag/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86?refer=embed">#خالد_العليان #المغرب #كاس_امم_افريقيا #هدايا #سحوبات ♬ original sound - KHALID ALOLYAN

While sport is not a major category, the research underscores what makes the GCC ecosystem distinctive: high digital penetration, brand-conscious audiences, and multilingual, multi-ethnic creators, with campaign planning often shaped by strategic decisions about language and identity.

Olyan said he sees many regional influencers following the same path as him — though not necessarily through sport. “I believe we are contributing to clearer roadmaps for anyone aiming for success through creative, values-driven content rooted in strong human principles,” he added. “Opportunities are abundant, but the real challenge lies in consistency and maintaining quality amid pressure and high expectations.”

For Olyan, Arab culture is not an add-on to, but the backbone of, his storytelling. He frames the region’s passion for football alongside questions of Arab identity, delivering it in an entertaining format that can travel beyond the usual language barriers.

“What makes sport special is that it’s a universal language. Many non-Arab audiences already follow my content daily, supported by AI tools. Arabic is my language and a core part of my identity, and I won’t change it. Instead, I’ll rely on smart translation tools and solutions to reach wider audiences.”

Olyan also noted that the region has long been framed through the narratives of people from elsewhere, often in ways that highlight only its darker corners.

“The Arab world is full of inspiring stories and a rich culture that deserves to be told through the eyes of its people, not only from the outside,” he said, adding that he hopes viewers value his videos for “changing their perspective and helped them see the truth more clearly.”

Olyan was crowned TikTok Arab Content Creator of the Year 2026 at a ceremony held in partnership with the 1 Billion Followers Summit in Dubai.

He said the recognition was a result of more than just a run of viral moments, explaining that it came about “through structured, institutional work, team development, and linking content to long-term goals. Sustainability comes from creating moments and building value, not relying on trends or short-lived hype.”

Underscoring the double-edged nature of social media, Olyan argued that attention alone is not the point. “Real impact happens when content is used to educate and inspire people, not just capture their attention.”

He also expressed skepticism about banning under-16s from social media. Regulation matters, he said, but “awareness, smart supervision, and teaching safe usage matter more than complete bans.”

Creators, he added, are not immune to the platforms’ darker side. Psychological pressure, mental exhaustion, and long periods away from family due to frequent travel are part of the job. “I manage it through time organization, temporary breaks, and returning with renewed passion,” he explained.

 

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Olyan is also the founder of the O15 Football Academy, a project rooted in his childhood dream and one he sees as part of a broader sporting movement gaining traction in the Kingdom. For him, the academy is not just about competition, but about giving children a supportive environment where sport becomes a formative social practice.

“As a child, I wished such an academy existed for me and my friends,” he said. “Many talents were playing in local neighborhoods without professional guidance or support, causing real potential to be lost due to the absence of proper training environments, follow-up, and opportunities. The environment was often challenging and unmotivating.”

His academy aims to identify talent early, develop it “scientifically,” and prepare players to compete at club and national levels, but Olyan added that even those who do not pursue the sport professionally can also benefit “educationally, culturally, and socially.” 

Football, he said, is “a form of soft power that, by God’s will, can positively impact many aspects of life.”

Whether creating content or helping others pursue their sporting dreams, Olyan said his guiding principle comes from a line by the late Saudi politician and poet Ghazi Al-Qusaibi — a reminder that what you hope for in small measure can arrive, unexpectedly, in abundance: “You wish for a drop of good news, but God wishes to help you with rain.”