Pakistan finalizes first scientific lunar calendar ending debate over moon-sighting

In this file photo, clerics of Pakistan’s Moon Sighting Committee search the sky with a telescope for the new moon that signals the start of the Muslim fasting month of Ramadan, in Karachi, May 5, 2019. (AP)
Updated 22 May 2019
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Pakistan finalizes first scientific lunar calendar ending debate over moon-sighting

  • Minister of science and tech drew ire of conservative clerics this month by setting up committee to make lunar calendar
  • The document will scientifically calculate start of holy month of Ramadan in Pakistan and exact dates of other religious holidays

ISLAMABAD: Pakistan’s Ministry for Science and Technology finalized the country’s first science-based lunar calendar and sent it for review on Wednesday to the Council of Islamic Ideology, a powerful religious body that advises the Pakistani government on the compatibility of laws with Islam.

Pakistan’s Minister for Science and Technology, Chaudhry Fawad Hussain, drew the ire of conservative clerics this month by setting up a committee to make the new calendar which will calculate the start of the holy fasting month of Ramadan in Pakistan, which faces an annual controversy over the date, as well as the exact dates of other religious festivals and occasions.

“Yes we have received the proposed calendar for review,” the office of the chairman of the Council confirmed to Arab News on Wednesday.

Islamic scholars disagree on whether the moon must be physically seen for the Muslim fasting month of Ramadan and other religious holidays to begin.

For the last many years on the eve of Ramadan, the country has found itself split on whether or not a new moon had been sighted. As a result, the country’s northwest regions often start the fasting month a day earlier than Punjab, Balochistan and Sindh provinces, as they did this year also.

In a notification issued earlier this month, the Science Ministry said a committee comprising scientists from Pakistan's space agency and its meteorological department “would finalize the [new lunar] calendar to indicate the exact dates of Ramadan, Eid-ul-Fitr & Eid-ul-Azha and Moharram for the next five years with 100% accuracy.”

Earlier this month, Chaudhry took on Mufti Muneeb-ur-Rehman, the powerful cleric who heads the Central Ruet-e-Hilal Committee of Pakistan, the department which announces the sighting of the new moon, saying he would set up a committee that would use “modern methods” to produce a lunar calendar based on the objective position of the moon in the sky rather than on actual moon sightings.

“In Pakistan we have seen every time, on Eid, on Ramadan, during Muharram, a controversy arises on the moon,” Chaudhry said in a video posted on Twitter. “When modern methods are available, and we can decide on a definite date, then the question is, why do we not use the modern technology?”


Pakistan urges ‘time-bound and irreversible’ path to Palestinian statehood at UN

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Pakistan urges ‘time-bound and irreversible’ path to Palestinian statehood at UN

  • Pakistan warns the Security Council Israeli settlement expansion has reached its highest level in the West Bank
  • It says Islamabad backs sustained ceasefire, expanded humanitarian access, protection of UNRWA’s role in Gaza

ISLAMABAD: Pakistan on Tuesday called for a time-bound and irreversible political process leading to the establishment of a sovereign Palestinian state, urging the international community to move beyond declarations and turn long-standing commitments into concrete action.

Addressing a Security Council briefing on the Middle East, Pakistan’s ambassador to the United Nations said repeated diplomatic initiatives had underscored that the status quo was untenable and that only a credible political horizon, grounded in international law, could deliver durable peace.

His remarks came as the Security Council reviewed the implementation of Resolution 2334, which calls on Israel to halt settlement activity in occupied Palestinian territory.

Pakistan said recent diplomatic efforts — including a high-level conference in July and the General Assembly’s endorsement of the New York Declaration reaffirming the two-state framework — had sought to preserve the possibility of a negotiated settlement between Israelis and Palestinians.

It said follow-up meetings at Sharm El-Sheikh, along with US-led initiatives under President Donald Trump aimed at halting the fighting, were intended to reopen a political process toward Palestinian statehood.

“A time-bound and irreversible political process, anchored in relevant UN resolutions must lead to the establishment of a sovereign, independent and contiguous State of Palestine on the basis of pre-1967 borders, with Al-Quds Al-Sharif as its capital,” Pakistan’s Permanent Representative Asim Iftikhar Ahmad told the council.

“It is high time to turn promises into action and speed up this process,” he added.

Ahmad said Pakistan backed Security Council Resolution 2803, which calls for efforts to sustain the ceasefire, expand aid access and restart a political track toward Palestinian statehood.

He said settlement activity in the occupied West Bank, including East Jerusalem, had reached its highest levels since the United Nations began systematic monitoring, citing UN findings that more than 6,300 housing units were advanced during the reporting period.

Such actions, he said, had “no legal validity” under international law but continued to undermine the viability of the two-state solution.

Pakistan also defended the role of the UN Relief and Works Agency (UNRWA), saying it remained indispensable for Palestinian refugees and must not be weakened by what it called unfounded criticism.

Ahmad condemned the storming of UNRWA’s headquarters in East Jerusalem earlier this month, calling it a violation of international law and the inviolability of UN premises, and urged full, safe and unimpeded humanitarian access to Gaza, along with the immediate start of reconstruction without annexation or forced displacement.