What We Are Reading Today: Who Owns Antiquity? 

Updated 16 September 2018
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What We Are Reading Today: Who Owns Antiquity? 

  • James Cuno calls for measures to broaden rather than restrict international access to antiquities

BOOK AUTHOR: James Cuno

Whether antiquities should be returned to the countries where they were found is one of the most urgent and controversial issues in the art world today, and it has pitted museums, private collectors, and dealers against source countries, archaeologists, and academics.

Maintaining that the acquisition of undocumented antiquities by museums encourages the looting of archaeological sites, countries such as Italy, Greece, Egypt, Turkey, and China have claimed ancient artifacts as state property, called for their return from museums around the world, and passed laws against their future export. 

But in Who Owns Antiquity?, one of the world’s leading museum directors vigorously challenges this nationalistic position, arguing that it is damaging and often disingenuous. “Antiquities,” James Cuno argues, “are the cultural property of all humankind,” “evidence of the world’s ancient past and not that of a particular modern nation. They comprise antiquity, and antiquity knows no borders.”

Cuno argues that nationalistic retention and reclamation policies impede common access to this common heritage and encourage a dubious and dangerous politicization of antiquities — and of culture itself. Antiquities need to be protected from looting but also from nationalistic identity politics. To do this, Cuno calls for measures to broaden rather than restrict international access to antiquities. 

He advocates restoration of the system under which source countries would share newly discovered artifacts in exchange for archaeological help, and he argues that museums should again be allowed reasonable ways to acquire undocumented antiquities. Cuno explains how partage broadened access to our ancient heritage and helped create national museums in Cairo, Baghdad, and Kabul. The first extended defense of the side of museums in the struggle over antiquities, Who Owns Antiquity? is sure to be as important as it is controversial.


Abu Dhabi’s 421 Arts Campus celebrates 10 years with new show

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Abu Dhabi’s 421 Arts Campus celebrates 10 years with new show

  • ‘Rays, Ripples, Residue’ triple exhibition runs until April 16
  • Focus on UAE art, director Faisal Al-Hassan tells Arab News

ABU DHABI: Abu Dhabi’s 421 Arts Campus has just turned 10 and is marking the milestone with an exhibition “Rays, Ripples, Residue,” running until April 16, 2026.

The exhibition comprises three sections, each curated independently but with a cohesive thread.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

A post shared by @421.online

The curators, Emirati Munira Al-Sayegh, Lebanese transplant Nadine Khalil, and Sharjah-born Indian writer, Murtaza Vali, explore how artistic practices and exhibition-making in the UAE has evolved over the past decade.

Faisal Al-Hassan, director of the arts hub and commissioning institution, spoke to Arab News about the showcase.

“‘Rays, Ripples, Residue’ is a landmark exhibition that celebrates this 10-year milestone and reflects on artistic practices over the past decade or so. The exhibition unfolds in three separate chapters, each curated from a distinct point of view,” he said.

‘Rays, Ripples, Residue,’ 2025. Installation view. Photography by Ismail Noor, ‘Seeing Things.’ (Courtesy of 421 Arts Campus, Abu Dhabi)‘Rays, Ripples, Residue,’ 2025. Installation view. Photography by Ismail Noor, ‘Seeing Things.’ (Courtesy of 421 Arts Campus, Abu Dhabi)

Al-Sayegh’s chapter, titled “Leading to the Middle,” is perhaps the most personal and rooted, because of her deep connection to the land and its people. She looked at how seemingly minute moments have a rippling effect.

In her space, she examines the practices of established artists including Emirati Mohammed Ahmed Ibrahim and the late Kuwaiti creative Tarek Al-Ghoussein.

In the adjacent space, Khalil presents “Ghosts of Arrival,” described by Al-Hassan as “an intimate look at what it feels like to arrive after the moment has passed.” This serves as the residue part of the exhibition.

Al-Hassan said: “She (Khalil) brings to the fore the practices of artists from the past 10 years who were influenced by work that was created a decade prior. It is both an analysis of artmaking in the UAE and a personal reflection of her own arrival in the country in 2017.”

Hashed Al Lamki’s ‘Space is Holy’ (ongoing sculptural series), 2016 - present. Found objects and sawdust. (Courtesy of 421 Arts Campus, Abu Dhabi)

Artists featured in the section include Hashel Al-Lamki, Mona Ayyash, and Nadine Ghandour.

Vali’s “SUN” presents the rays part of the show, highlighting a sunny — and shady — survey of the last 10 years and the preoccupation of local artists with the flaming ball in the sky.

According to Al-Hassan, Vali selected “works made between 2015 and today that are focused on the sun as both a symbolic and physical presence in our everyday lives — presented visually and metaphorically — to convey and investigate environmental degradation, hyper-commodification, and urban development.”

The three chapters feature new commissions, as well as previously presented works, or new iterations of existing works.

It also spans a wide range of disciplines, including photography, video, performance, installations and multimedia works.

“When we started our journey 10 years ago, the mission was clear: we wanted to provide a nurturing space for emerging artists to experiment and grow,” Al-Hassan told Arab News.

Hashel Al Lamki’s ‘Space is Holy’ (ongoing sculptural series), 2016 - present. (Courtesy of 421 Arts Campus, Abu Dhabi)

In the last decade, 421 has supported over 1,500 emerging creative practitioners, presented over 50 exhibitions, including solo, group and traveling shows, and commissioned hundreds of new works across visual art, design, performance and writing.

During that time, it also delivered around 2,000 impactful programs across residencies, grants and exhibitions. This was alongside various public programs including talks, workshops, film screenings and special events, while training and mentoring more than 60 interns and creative facilitators.

“We see our work as complementary to the wider ecosystem,” he said.

“It took some time for the creative community to understand why it was so important for us to include such an extensive set of access points in the exhibitions,” he added.

“To us, these materials, like the tactile books, family labels, glossaries, and wall text annotations for example, are just as important as the artwork itself.”

Mays Albaik, who is 421’s “wall whisperer,” walked Arab News through the overall space and explained how the organization gets it done.

“So from the get-go, 421’s mission has always been about breaking down the wall that makes people say, oh, it’s art, I don’t get it, it’s not for me. And so in everything that we do, we’re constantly thinking, how do we tell people: no, actually, it is for you,” Albaik told Arab News.

“Art spaces should be fun,” she added with a laugh.

Text on the walls are written in English and Arabic and the wording used is aimed to be simple but not simplistic, being mindful of the extensive expatriate community in the UAE who may not be fluent in either language.

“What we actually do is, the version of the wall text that you see — or an earlier version of this wall text — goes to a few different members of our community. We go to our operations team, for example, our housekeeping staff and our security guards,” she said.

Arab News spoke with Rajesh Maurati, 28, who has been a security officer at 421 for the past four years, to find out more.

“Initially, we did not have a lot of context, there was some description about the artist, the curators and about the artist point of view,“ Maurati, who is from Nepal, said.

During his 12-hour shift, he would spend a lot of time walking past the walls. Now those walls are a part of the show for him.

“Initially, it was a little bit hard for me to understand the text. Before, I said nothing. Now, before the exhibition, they give us the text to read and if we don’t understand something, we just underline it. And they listen.”

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

A post shared by @421.online

With this simple shift, he now takes pride in not only responding to questions from visitors, but being able to make the space even more immersive and welcoming. And much more human.

“It is really helpful for me personally, too, to create more knowledge about art. Even English, my communication is better — it was not really good before.”

“When I came here (to 421), I learned a lot of things; how to communicate with our clients, our colleagues—we are a mixed nationality. So every time we communicate with each other it gets better. It is better,” he said.