MUMBAI: Climate change has led to more than 59,000 farmer suicides in India over the last three decades and rising temperatures could drive the suicide rate up further without government help for farmers, according to a US university study.
University of California Berkeley researcher Tamma Carleton said suicide rates in India have nearly doubled since 1980 and claim more than 130,000 lives every year, with about 7 percent of these attributable to warming linked to human activity.
“It was both shocking and heartbreaking to see that thousands of people face such bleak conditions that they are driven to harm themselves,” Carleton said in a statement.
“Without interventions that help families adapt to a warmer climate, it’s likely we will see a rising number of lives lost to suicide as climate change worsens in India,” she added.
The study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences found every 1 degree Celsius increase above 20°C (68°F) during the growing season led to about 65 suicides across India.
A 5°C increase had five times that effect, showed the study which focused on the summer monsoon period June-September.
More than half India’s population depends on the land for a livelihood.
Tens of thousands of farmers have killed themselves over the last couple of decades in India — by drinking pesticide or hanging themselves — as unseasonal rains and drought led to crop failures, leaving farmers struggling with debt.
More than 12,600 farmers and agricultural workers committed suicide in 2015 alone, accounting for about 10 percent of all suicides in India, according to official data.
Almost 60 percent of suicides were caused by bankruptcy and indebtedness, the data showed.
The government has announced loan write-offs, introduced crop insurance schemes and subsidised inputs such as fertilizers.
But farmers’ unions say implementation of these measures has been slow. They have taken to the streets to demand bigger loan waivers and better output prices in protests that have sometimes turned deadly.
With temperatures in India forecast to rise by 3°C by 2050, policies to protect farmers with crop insurance and improvements in rural credit markets may help check suicides, said Carleton.
“Learning that the desperation is economic means that we can do something about this. The right policies could save thousands,” she said.
“The tragedy is unfolding today ... This is our problem, right now.”
Rising temperatures could drive up farmer suicides in India without govt help — study
Rising temperatures could drive up farmer suicides in India without govt help — study
Bangladesh backtracks on initial interest to join Trump’s Gaza stabilization force
- Bangladesh currently faces various pressures from US, former ambassador says
- Main parties contesting upcoming election distance themselves from government’s decisions
DHAKA: Facing domestic backlash, Bangladesh has backtracked on its initial interest in joining the US-planned military force in Gaza, with the interim administration saying it would leave the decision to the government appointed after next month’s polls.
The possibility of Bangladesh joining the International Stabilization Force — a part of US President Donald Trump’s controversial Gaza peace plan — was floated by National Security Adviser Khalilur Rahman last week, during his visit to Washington D.C., where he said he had “expressed Bangladesh’s interest in principle” to join it.
The announcement was immediately met with criticism from civil society at home, where any move perceived as undermining Bangladesh’s support for the Palestinians is unlikely to be popular.
Following the pushback, the country’s top diplomat, Foreign Affairs Adviser Touhid Hossain, told reporters on Wednesday that “no decision has yet been made” and that the caretaker Cabinet — which is overseeing Bangladesh until new leadership takes office after the February vote — “will not do anything … that the next government would need to completely reverse.”
Bangladesh will hold general elections on Feb. 12, and the main two parties contesting it — the Bangladesh Nationalist Party and Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami — have already distanced themselves from the caretaker government’s decisions.
“We will not blindly adhere to any policy that has been adopted by this interim government,” Nawshad Zamir, BNP’s international affairs secretary, told Arab News, while Jamaat’s spokesperson, Ahsanul Mahboob Zubair, said the party would “not take any such steps that violate the UN and existing international laws and stand in contrast to our people’s aspirations.”
While the UN’s approach to Trump’s plan is equivocal, the international force has been rejected by Palestinian groups in Gaza as a “form of deep international partnership in the war of extermination waged by the (Israeli) occupation against our people.”
More than 71,400 Palestinians have been killed and 171,000 wounded as a result of Israeli attacks since the start of its war on Gaza in October 2023, according to Gaza’s Ministry of Health. The true death toll is feared to be much higher, as many people have died due to injury and lack of access to healthcare and food — caused by the Israeli military’s destruction of Gaza’s infrastructure, and the blocking of medical aid and food.
Most of the Muslim countries which took part in a US-organized Gaza summit in Sharm El-Sheikh in October and initially considered joining Trump’s stabilization force have either pulled out of the plan or postponed announcing their decision.
Bangladesh’s sudden expression of interest came as a surprise as it had neither been part of the Sharm El-Sheikh meeting nor historically involved in Middle Eastern politics.
Humayun Kabir, former Bangladeshi ambassador to the US, linked it to the current pressures Bangladesh was facing from the Trump administration, including increased taxation of remittances and visa restrictions.
“In this context, I think Bangladesh has expressed its interest to join the US-led Gaza force in a bid to neutralize these pressures to some extent,” Kabir told Arab News.
But the political cost of actually following through could be too high for those who would decide to implement it.
“The people of Bangladesh have unconditional support for Palestine,” Kabir said. “In this backdrop it would be politically difficult for the government to go for anything that goes against the interests of the Palestinians.”
For political scientist Prof. Amena Mohsin, Bangladesh’s involvement in the force would be against its longstanding position of solidarity.
“We can’t go against our long-held positions regarding Palestine. We shouldn’t get involved in any controversy initiated by the Western powers,” she said.
“I don’t think any decision of this kind would be popular or get people’s support in Bangladesh.”
Shahidul Alam, a prominent photographer and Time Magazine Person of the Year 2018, said it would be “betrayal.”
Alam, who last year represented Bangladesh in the Freedom Flotilla Coalition to break Israel’s illegal siege of Gaza, said that he understood there was geopolitical pressure on Bangladesh but participating in “this sham of a peacekeeping force” would be a shameful act that Bangladeshis would never live down.
“This so-called stabilization force is not about peace,” he said. “It is about disarming resistance. It is about legitimizing occupation. It is about finishing what bombs could not: the complete subjugation of a people who refuse to surrender their right to exist in dignity.”
