LONDON: Britain’s high wages and low unemployment, rather than welfare benefits, have been the main economic draw for hundreds of thousands of migrants who moved to the country from southern and eastern Europe, a study said on Wednesday.
Prime Minister David Cameron insisted on measures to stop newly arrived EU migrants from claiming welfare when he renegotiated Britain’s EU membership terms in February, ahead of a June 23 referendum which could see Britain leave the bloc.
But a study by University of Oxford researchers suggested the welfare changes would not deter migrants from moving to Britain.
“Most migrants are not receiving welfare benefits and even in the absence of benefits, significant pull factors would remain,” the report said.
Opinion polls have put migration at or near the top of British voters’ concerns after the number of eastern Europeans who moved to Britain in recent years proved much higher than originally forecast by the government.
Many Britons argue migrants claim too much welfare, push down wages and worsen shortages of housing and public services. Government and academic studies have found little widespread evidence of this.
Wednesday’s report said EU migrants made up 6 percent of Britain’s working-age population last year, but only accounted for 2 percent of unemployment and disability benefit claims.
However, EU migrants claimed benefits aimed at the low-paid at a higher rate than people born in Britain, reflecting their greater likelihood to work in jobs that pay only a little over the minimum wage. Twelve percent of EU migrants claimed these tax credits, versus 10 percent of British natives.
Plentiful jobs and higher wages than at home were the main economic draw, alongside familiarity with the English language and the possibility of help from existing migrant communities.
The number of EU migrants living in Britain has risen by almost 700,000 in the past four years. Nearly 80 percent of them came from six countries, Poland, Romania, Spain, Italy, Hungary and Portugal.
Adjusted for living costs, average living standards in Britain are 80 percent higher than in Poland, and more than four times higher than in Romania. Unemployment in the southern European countries is more than double the rate in Britain.
Job prospects not welfare draw migrants to UK: Study
Job prospects not welfare draw migrants to UK: Study
Using space science to protect Saudi Arabia’s environment
- Kingdom is harnessing satellite technology to forecast disasters, boost agriculture
RIYADH: Learning space science has delivered significant environmental benefits worldwide, helping many countries better understand and manage climate challenges.
Saudi Arabia is now taking steps not only to explore the galaxy but also to invest in future generations who can apply space science to pressing environmental issues at home.
Last November, the Space Academy, part of the Saudi Space Agency, launched a series of seminars designed to enhance knowledge and develop skills in space science and technology, with a particular focus on Earth observation.
Running for nearly a month, the program formed part of a broader strategy to nurture national talent, raise scientific awareness, and build data capabilities that support innovation and research across the Kingdom.
As efforts to strengthen the sector continue, important questions remain: How can space science translate into tangible environmental benefits? And how large is the global space economy?
In an interview with Arab News, Fahad Alhussain, co-founder of SeedFord, highlighted the scale of the opportunity and its environmental impact.
“To be frank, the slogan that we always use in space is that ‘saving the Earth from the space.’ It is all about this,” Alhusain told Arab News.
“You can recall a lot of related environmental issues like global warming, related to forests, related to the damage that happens to the environment. Without space, it would be almost impossible to see the magnitude of these damages.”
According to Alhussain, satellites have transformed how experts observe environmental changes on Earth, offering a comprehensive view that was previously impossible.
He said that “the transformation of technology allows even the non-optical ways of measuring, assessing, and discovering what is going on in the environment … you can even anticipate fire before it happens in the forest.”
“You can detect the ice-melt down, you can get huge amount of information and can see it through the weather maps…there is a huge section in the economy for the environment,” Alhussain commented.
A 2022 report by Ryan Brukardt, a senior partner at McKinsey & Company, published by McKinsey Quarterly, found that more than 160 satellites currently monitor Earth to assess the impacts of global warming and detect activities such as illegal logging.
Brukardt cited NASA as an example of how advanced satellite tools are used to track environmental changes, including shifts in ocean conditions, cloud cover, and precipitation patterns. He also noted that satellite data can help governments determine when immediate action is needed, particularly in response to wildfires.
FASTFACT
Did You Know?
- Satellites collect massive amounts of data, and AI is used to help interpret this information more efficiently and predict future outcomes.
- The global space economy surpassed $600 billion in 2024 and is projected to exceed $1 trillion by 2030.
- Saudi Arabia has established three key entities: the Supreme Space Council, the Saudi Space Agency, and the Communications, Space, and Technology Commission.
Beyond disaster response, satellites offer vital insights for agriculture. According to Brukardt’s report, scientists can use space-based data to monitor crop development and anticipate threats to harvests, such as drought or insect infestations.
These wide-ranging applications explain the rapid growth of the global space economy.
According to World Economic Forum research, the sector is projected to reach $1.8 trillion by 2035, nearly tripling from $630 billion in 2023.
For Saudi Arabia, expanding space science capabilities could help address the country’s arid conditions by monitoring desertification and identifying sources of air pollution. Early detection of droughts, heatwaves, and crop stress could support more effective environmental planning and response.
Space-based data could also play a critical role in tracking environmental changes in the Red Sea and surrounding coastal ecosystems, strengthening marine conservation efforts and supporting the Sustainable Development Agenda.
As Alhussain emphasized, advancing knowledge in space science and satellite technology enables experts to measure environmental damage accurately and predict disasters before they occur, allowing for more effective responses.
By investing in space science education and research, the Kingdom can build national expertise, strengthen environmental protection policies, enhance food and water security, and contribute to global efforts to combat climate change—while also benefiting from the rapidly expanding space economy.
Ultimately, a deeper understanding of space and its applications offers Saudi Arabia, and the world, better tools to anticipate climate challenges, protect ecosystems, and safeguard biodiversity.
“By collecting data and using satellites, you can better analyze and measure so many things that help the environment,” said Alhussain.
“There will be patterns where you can warn people, scientists and decision makers to do something about it.”
