Lahore, Karachi top global pollution rankings as smog chokes major Pakistani cities

A person walks along a littered ground amid smog and air pollution in the morning, in Karachi, Pakistan, on October 31, 2025. (REUTERS)
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Updated 31 October 2025
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Lahore, Karachi top global pollution rankings as smog chokes major Pakistani cities

  • Lahore recorded an air quality index of 193 at 2pm on Friday, rated as ‘hazardous’
  • Residents urged to stay indoors, use air purifiers and wear masks when outside

ISLAMABAD: Lahore remained the world’s most polluted city while the port city of Karachi ranked second, Swiss air quality monitor IQAir said on Friday, as toxic smog continued to blanket Pakistan’s urban centers.

Lahore recorded an Air Quality Index (AQI) of 193, while Karachi registered a reading of 186, both deemed “unhealthy.” India’s capital, New Delhi, ranked third on the list of the world’s most polluted cities, with an AQI of 182, according to IQAir.

Lahore recorded a PM2.5 level of 116 µg/m³ at 2:00pm on Friday. PM2.5 refers to fine particulate matter measuring 2.5 micrometers or smaller, which can enter the bloodstream when inhaled. IQAir warned residents against venturing outdoors, and advised them to keep their windows closed, wear masks outside and operate air purifiers at homes.

“PM2.5 concentration is currently 23.2 times the World Health Organization annual PM2.5 guideline value,” IQAir said regarding Lahore, capital of Pakistan’s most populous Punjab province.




School children walk across a road amid dense smog in Lahore on October 31, 2025. (AFP)

Smog can cause sore throats, eye irritation and respiratory illnesses, while long-term exposure increases the risk of stroke, heart disease and lung cancer. The season begins in late October, peaks from November to January and lasts through February.

Lahore faces smog crisis each winter, which is exacerbated by crop residue burning, vehicle emissions and industrial pollution.

In response to the environmental crisis, Lahore’s transport authority has intensified its crackdown on polluting vehicles.

“We’ve inspected approximately 10,000 vehicles, impounded around 4,000, and issued over 7,000 challans (receipts of fines),” said Rana Mohsin, secretary of the Regional Transport Authority in Lahore.

The fines totaled around Rs90 million ($320,341) and about 150 police reports were registered against drivers of smoke-emitting vehicles in October alone, according to the official.

Authorities this month also began using anti-smog guns that spray mist in the air to reduce air pollution in the city.

Khalid Mehboob, a Lahore resident, expressed concern for his children and the elderly, saying they suffer the most during the smog season.

“Smog engulfs us... largely because of our own actions, crop burning, brick kiln emissions and vehicle smoke,” he told Reuters.

— With input from Reuters


Pakistan opposition to continue protest over ex-PM Khan’s health amid conflicting reports

Updated 16 February 2026
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Pakistan opposition to continue protest over ex-PM Khan’s health amid conflicting reports

  • Pakistan’s government insists that the ex-premier’s eye condition has improved
  • Khan’s personal doctor says briefed on his condition but cannot confirm veracity

ISLAMABAD: Pakistan’s opposition alliance on Monday vowed to continue their protest sit-in at parliament and demanded “clarity” over the health of jailed former prime minister Imran Khan, following conflicting medical reports about his eye condition.

The 73-year-old former cricket star-turned-politician has been held at the high-security Adiala prison in Rawalpindi since 2023. Concerns arose about his health last week when a court-appointed lawyer, Barrister Salman Safdar, was asked to visit Khan at the jail to assess his living conditions. Safdar reported that Khan had suffered “severe vision loss” in his right eye due to central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO), leaving him with just 15 percent sight in the affected eye.

On Sunday, a team of doctors from various hospitals visited the prison to examine Khan’s eye condition, according to the Adiala jail superintendent, who later submitted his report in the court. On Monday, a Supreme Court bench led by Chief Justice Yahya Afridi observed that based on reports from the prison authorities and the amicus curiae, Khan’s “living conditions in jail do not presently exhibit any perverse aspects.” It noted that Khan had “generally expressed satisfaction with the prevailing conditions of his confinement” and had not sought facilities beyond the existing level of care.

Having carefully perused both reports in detail, the bench observed that their general contents and the overall picture emerging therefrom are largely consistent. The opposition alliance, which continued to stage its sit-in for a fourth consecutive day on Monday, held a meeting at the parliament building on Monday evening to deliberate on the emerging situation and discuss their future course of action.

“The sit-in will continue till there is clarity on the matter of [Khan's] health,”  Sher Ali Arbab, a lawmaker from Khan's Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) party who has been participating in the sit-in, told Arab News, adding that PTI Chairman Gohar Ali Khan and Opposition Leader in Senate Raja Nasir Abbas had briefed them about their meeting with doctors who had visited Khan on Sunday.

Speaking to reporters outside parliament, Gohar said the doctors had informed them that Khan’s condition had improved.

“They said, 'There has been a significant and satisfactory improvement.' With that satisfactory improvement, we also felt satisfied,” he said, noting that the macular thickness in Khan’s eye had reportedly dropped from 550 to 300 microns, a sign of subsiding swelling.

Gohar said the party did not want to politicize Khan’s health.

“We are not doctors, nor is this our field,” he said, noting that Khan’s personal physician in Lahore, Dr. Aasim Yusuf, and his eye specialist Dr. Khurram Mirza had also sought input from the Islamabad-based medical team.

“Our doctors also expressed satisfaction over the report.”

CONFLICTING ACCOUNTS

Despite Gohar’s cautious optimism, Khan’s personal physician, Dr. Yusuf, issued a video message on Monday, saying he could neither “confirm nor deny the veracity” of the government’s claims.

“Because I have not seen him myself and have not been able to participate in his care... I’m unable to confirm what we have been told,” Yusuf said.

He appealed to authorities to grant him or fellow physician, Dr. Faisal Sultan, immediate access to Khan, arguing that the ex-premier should be moved to Shifa International Hospital in Islamabad for specialist care.

Speaking to Arab News, PTI’s central information secretary Sheikh Waqas Akram said Khan’s sister and their cousin, Dr. Nausherwan Burki, will speak to media on Tuesday to express their views about the situation.

The government insists that Khan’s condition has improved.

“His eye [condition] has improved and is better than before,” State Minister Talal Chaudhry told the media in a brief interaction on Monday.

“The Supreme Court of Pakistan is involved, and doctors are involved. What medicine he receives, whether he needs to be hospitalized or sent home, these decisions are made by doctors. Neither lawyers nor any political party will decide this.”