ISLAMABAD: The Provincial Disaster Management Authority (PDMA) in Pakistan’s Punjab province has warned of a rise in smog levels in major cities in the coming days, citing stable and dry weather conditions.

Cold, heavy air traps pollutants, including vehicle emissions, industrial smoke and dust, from November to mid-December. The seasonal crisis is often exacerbated by crop residue burning and lasts until February.

Lahore, a city of around 14 million people and the capital of Pakistan’s most populous Punjab province, this month began using anti-smog guns for the first time in an effort to reduce airborne pollutants.

On Friday, the PDMA said calm wind pattern, lower temperatures and humidity may prevent pollutants from dispersing and causing thick layers of smog in Lahore, Gujranwala, Sheikhupura, Kasur, Nankana Sahib, Faisalabad, Multan, Bahawalpur, Rahim Yar Khan, Bahawalnagar and Khanpur districts.

“The rise in smog levels may trigger an increase in respiratory illnesses, asthma cases, and other pollution-related health problems,” the authority said.

“Vulnerable populations, including children, the elderly, and people with pre-existing health conditions, are at high risk.”

The statement came as Lahore ranked the most polluted city in the world at around 12pm on Friday, with an air quality index (AQI) of 217, according to air quality monitor IQ Air.

Poor air quality can cause reduced visibility on roads, leading to a surge in traffic accidents, according to the PDMA. Outdoor activities can also be disrupted.

“Clear any hindrances on road to ensure smooth traffic flow,” it directed district administrations.

“Ensure sufficient staffing round-the-clock in DEOCS (district emergency operations centers) for effective coordination and coordinate with PDMA and all relevant departments to ensure a unified prompt response. Ensure accurate and timely dissemination of information on safety measures and evacuation plans through electronic and social media.”