Lahore ranks world’s No. 2 for air pollution as city braces for Diwali smog

Vehicles move on a road shrouded in smog on the morning of Diwali, the Hindu festival of lights, in New Delhi, India, on October 20, 2025. (REUTERS)
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Updated 20 October 2025
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Lahore ranks world’s No. 2 for air pollution as city braces for Diwali smog

  • On Monday, Lahore’s PM2.5 concentration was 31.1 times the WHO annual PM2.5 guideline value
  • Smog routinely worsens Oct–Feb in Punjab, prompting school closures and emergency curbs in recent years

ISLAMABAD: The Pakistani city of Lahore ranked the second-worst country globally for air quality on Monday, with pollution hitting levels reported as 31 times the WHO’s annual PM2.5 guideline value, according to global monitoring data, as the provincial government launched anti-smog operations ahead of the Hindu festival of Diwali.

Punjab province, and its capital Lahore, face a recurring “smog season” from October to February, driven by crop-residue burning, vehicular and industrial emissions, and stagnant winter weather conditions. The hazy blanket has previously pushed the Air Quality Index (AQI) into hazardous levels of above 300 in Lahore in November 2024, forcing school and office closures and reduced construction activity. 

On Sunday, the Punjab Smog Monitoring Center forecast Lahore’s AQI between 210 and 230 and cautioned that morning and night hours would see the worst pollution, with a slight improvement expected between 1-5pm. On Monday morning, Pakistan ranked the second worst country globally for air quality, after Delhi, data from the Swiss air-quality monitoring organization, IQAir, revealed. The city had a PM2.5 concentration 31.1 times the World Health Organization annual PM2.5 guideline value.

Winds of 4–7 km/h from the east and west could carry pollution from the Indian cities of Amritsar, Ludhiana and Haryana toward cities in Pakistani Punjab including Lahore, Faisalabad, Sahiwal, Bahawalpur, Rahim Yar Khan and Multan, the Punjab government advisory said.

“Every citizen’s role in preventing and reducing smog becomes a cause of major change and success,” Senior Provincial Minister Maryam Aurangzeb said, appealing for adherence to environmental SOPs.

The advisory urged residents to wear masks, and said children, older people and those with respiratory illness should stay indoors due to low winds and no rain keeping particles suspended.

Municipal agencies including Water and Sanitation Agency, Lahore Development Authority and district and municipal bodies were directed to conduct water sprinkling, prevent burning of garbage and crop residue and ensure construction sites and material-carrying vehicles are covered. 

Punjab has also begun targeted “anti-smog gun” operations this season after trial runs, part of a wider push that includes new enforcement rules and traffic measures to cut emissions in the provincial capital. 

The smog crisis in Lahore, similar to the situation in India’s capital Delhi, tends to worsen during cooler months due to temperature inversion trapping pollution closer to the ground.


Pakistan PM meets IAEA chief in Vienna, witnesses nuclear medicine cooperation deal signing

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Pakistan PM meets IAEA chief in Vienna, witnesses nuclear medicine cooperation deal signing

  • INMOL Lahore designated as IAEA Collaborating Center to expand cancer treatment cooperation
  • Sharif calls sustainable and inclusive development the only path to peace amid global ‘polycrisis’

ISLAMABAD: Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif met International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Director General Rafael Mariano Grossi in Vienna on Tuesday and witnessed the signing of a cooperation agreement designating Pakistan’s Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Oncology (INMOL), Lahore, as an IAEA Collaborating Center.

The meeting took place at the Vienna International Center, home to several UN agencies. Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Ishaq Dar and Grossi signed the Collaborating Center Agreement on behalf of Pakistan and the IAEA, respectively. The IAEA chief presented a plaque formally designating INMOL as a Collaborating Center, in a ceremony witnessed by Sharif.

“The Prime Minister reaffirmed Pakistan’s support for IAEA’s role in the promotion of responsible use of nuclear technology in areas such as cancer diagnosis and treatment, agriculture, nuclear power generation and industrial applications,” said a statement circulated by Sharif’s office in Islamabad.

“He praised the strong partnership between Pakistan and the IAEA, while observing that Pakistan was not only a beneficiary of the IAEA’s Technical Cooperation Programme but was also contributing to the work of the IAEA through the provision of its experts and conducting international trainings for IAEA Member States,” it added.

The statement said Grossi acknowledged Pakistan’s experience and expertise in the peaceful uses of nuclear technology and commended the quality of its engineers, scientists and technicians.

He maintained Pakistan was well placed to assist other IAEA member states in expanding peaceful nuclear applications and expressed interest in Pakistan’s participation at the Nuclear Energy Summit scheduled in France in March 2026.

The IAEA chief visited Pakistan last year to review cooperation on the peaceful uses of nuclear technology, including cancer diagnosis and treatment, as well as applications in energy and agriculture.

His engagements included visits to Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission cancer hospitals, inauguration of advanced treatment facilities and discussions with Sharif on expanding collaboration under the IAEA’s “Rays of Hope” initiative aimed at improving radiotherapy access in developing countries.

’POLYCRISIS’
Sharif also addressed a special event at the United Nations Office in Vienna, calling for sustainable and inclusive development to be treated as the world’s foremost conflict-prevention strategy, warning that overlapping geopolitical tensions, climate stress and technological disruption are converging into a global “polycrisis.”

“Our world stands at crossroads,” Sharif said. “We face intertwined crises. The defining danger of our time is not any single threat, rather it’s the combination of many.”

“Geopolitical hostility, climate stress, and technological disruption are all converging into a single destabilizing force,” he added. “The planet is facing a moment of polycrisis.”

Sharif argued that sustainable and inclusive development was the most effective long-term strategy to prevent conflict, stressing that developing nations bore the heaviest burden of climate change despite contributing the least to global emissions.

“Pakistan’s own experience is illustrative,” he said. “We stand at the front lines of the climate crisis, not through any fault of ours, but as one of its most disproportionate victims.”

He said Pakistan, which contributes less than one percent of global emissions, continues to face severe climate impacts, including devastating floods in recent years that destroyed homes, farmland and infrastructure.

Sharif also called for strengthening multilateral institutions, including the United Nations system, to better address emerging global challenges and ensure that innovation and new technologies benefit all countries rather than deepen existing divides.