Unclear justice and accountability provisions could derail Gaza peace plan, UN expert warns

A UN expert warned on Wednesday that the absence of mechanisms to ensure accountability for grave breaches of international and humanitarian law could undermine the current Gaza peace plan. (AP/File)
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Updated 15 October 2025
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Unclear justice and accountability provisions could derail Gaza peace plan, UN expert warns

  • ‘War crimes, crimes against humanity and genocide must not be shielded by amnesties, statutes of limitation or other measures,’ says Special Rapporteur Bernard Duhaime
  • Peace process ‘must include truth-telling, criminal accountability, reparations, memorialization, and robust guarantees of non-repetition,’ he adds

NEW YORK CITY: A UN expert warned on Wednesday that the absence of mechanisms to ensure accountability for grave breaches of international and humanitarian law could undermine the current Gaza peace plan.
“Crimes such as war crimes, crimes against humanity and genocide must not be shielded by amnesties, statutes of limitation or other measures that similarly limit criminal responsibility,” said Bernard Duhaime, the UN special rapporteur on the promotion of truth, justice, reparation and guarantees of non-recurrence.
“This fundamental principle of international law is essential to prevent impunity and applies equally to all perpetrators.”
Duhaime’s remarks came amid a fragile halt in hostilities between Israel and Hamas, and the release of the remaining Israeli hostages and detained Palestinians. The truce, coupled with the international Gaza Peace Summit in Sharm El-Sheikh on Oct. 13, offered what he described as a “glimmer of hope” for a region long engulfed in conflict.
But he cautioned that peace must be anchored in justice, accountability and inclusivity, and warned that failure to establish a clear framework for justice could render the peace process superficial and unsustainable.
“For the Peace Summit to pave the way for a comprehensive plan for lasting peace in the Levant, there needs to be a strong, long-term transitional justice process,” Duhaime said.
“This must include truth-telling, criminal accountability, reparations, memorialization, and robust guarantees of non-repetition.”
He expressed concern over the lack of specificity in the ceasefire agreement regarding reparations for victims, how the truth about violations will be established, or the ways in which perpetrators on all sides will be brought to justice.
He also highlighted the work of civil society — including Palestinian and Israeli organizations, journalists and human rights defenders — in efforts to document atrocities. Many of these groups
have been subjected to attacks and repression of their work, Duhaime said, as called for them to receive protection and international support to safeguard their work.
“The governance of Gaza cannot be treated in isolation from the also occupied West Bank, including East Jerusalem,” he said, adding that any final agreement must be consistent with rulings by the International Court of Justice, including the obligation on Israel to end its occupation.
Duhaime said a neutral international presence in Gaza was important to protect civilians on all sides from threats posed by state and non-state actors alike.
“A durable resolution to such a conflict demands a bold commitment to justice,” he added. “Only then can a future rooted in peace, dignity, respect and mutual security be finally built.”
He also reaffirmed his readiness to provide technical support to all parties.
Special rapporteurs are part of what is known as the special procedures of the UN Human Rights Council. They are independent experts who work on a voluntary basis, are not members of UN staff and are not paid for their work.


Israel says it has launched ‘broad wave’ of strikes on Iran, as Tehran widens its response across the region

Updated 14 min 22 sec ago
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Israel says it has launched ‘broad wave’ of strikes on Iran, as Tehran widens its response across the region

  • ​US military says 17 Iranian navy ships destroyed, struck nearly ‌2,000 targets ‌in ​Iran thus far

JERUSALEM/DUBAI: Israel’s military said Wednesday that it launched a “broad wave of strikes” on targets in Iran, after the Islamic republic fired rounds of missile barrages at Israeli territory.
The military said the targets of its latest strikes include Iranian “launch sites, air defense systems, and additional infrastructure.”
The latest wave of strikes came after Iran struck back against Israel and across the Gulf region, targeting US embassies and disrupting energy supplies and travel.
Air raid sirens rang out across multiple parts of Israel overnight as the military worked to intercept incoming Iranian fire.
There were no immediate reports of significant impact, although police said munitions fell in the Tel Aviv area, where one woman suffered mild shrapnel injuries.
Four days into a war that President Donald Trump suggested would last several weeks or perhaps longer, nearly 800 people have been killed in Iran, including some Trump said he had considered as possible future leaders of the country.
The US military said it has ​destroyed 17 Iranian ships, including a submarine, and struck nearly ‌2,000 targets ‌in ​Iran thus far.
“Today, there is ⁠not a ‌single ‌Iranian ​ship ‌underway ‌in the Arabian Gulf, Strait of Hormuz, or ‌Gulf of Oman,” US ⁠Central Command chief Brad ⁠Cooper said in a video posted to X.

 

Explosions rang out Tuesday in Tehran and in Lebanon, where Israel said it retaliated against Hezbollah militants. The American embassy in Saudi Arabia and the US consulate in the United Arab Emirates came under drone attacks. Iran has fired dozens of ballistic missiles at Israel, though most of the incoming fire has been intercepted. Eleven people in Israel have been killed since the conflict began.
In other developments, the Pentagon identified four US Army Reserve soldiers killed in a drone strike Sunday at a command center in Kuwait. The strike also killed two other service members.
The spiraling nature of the war raised questions about when and how it would end.
The administration has offered various objectives, including destroying Iran’s missile capabilities, wiping out its navy, preventing it from obtaining a nuclear weapon and ensuring it cannot continue to support allied armed groups.
While the initial US-Israeli strikes killed Iranian Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei and Trump urged Iranians to overthrow their government, senior administration officials have since said regime change was not the goal.
Trump on Tuesday seemed to downplay the chances of the war ending Iran’s theocratic rule, saying that “someone from within” the Iranian regime might be the best choice to take power once the US-Israel campaign is finished.
Trump says people the US had in mind to lead Iran are dead
Speaking Tuesday from the Oval Office, Trump said Reza Pahlavi, the exiled son of Iran’s toppled shah, is not someone that his administration has considered in depth to take over.
As far as possible leaders inside Iran, “the people we had in mind are dead,” Trump said.
“I guess the worst case would be do this, and then somebody takes over who’s as bad as the previous person, right? That could happen,” Trump said. “We don’t want that to happen.”
Iran’s leaders are scrambling to replace Khamenei, who ruled the country for 37 years. It’s only the second time since the 1979 Islamic Revolution that a new supreme leader is being chosen. Potential candidates range from hard-liners committed to confrontation with the West to reformists who seek diplomatic engagement.
Israel and US strike nuclear facilities and other targets in Iran
Information coming out of Iran has been limited because of poor communications, round-the-clock airstrikes and tight restrictions on journalists. But explosions rang out across Iran’s capital.
The Israeli military said it conducted a wave of airstrikes on Iranian sites that produce and store ballistic missiles. It also said it destroyed what it called Iran’s secret, underground nuclear headquarters. Without providing evidence, it said the site was used for research “to develop a key component for nuclear weapons.”
“The regime attempted to rebuild its efforts and conceal them, thinking we wouldn’t notice. They were mistaken,” said Israeli military spokesman Brig. Gen. Effie Defrin.
There was no immediate public comment from the US or Iran about the site Israel named.
Iran has said it has not enriched uranium since June, though it has maintained its right to do so and says its nuclear program is peaceful.
Fears rise in Tehran as bombardment of capital intensifies
New rounds of US and Israeli airstrikes rattled Iran.
“Since midnight, I and my wife are hearing sound of explosions,” said Ali Amoli, an engineer living in north Tehran.
Satellite images published Tuesday by Colorado-based company Vantor showed the domed roof of Iran’s presidential complex in Tehran had been destroyed, supporting Israel’s claim of an overnight strike. Iran did not acknowledge the damage or report any casualties.
A north Tehran resident who spoke on condition of anonymity for fear of retaliation described growing fears amid the heavy bombardment. The resident said most stores in the normally bustling area of Tajrish were closed, though bakeries and supermarkets remained open.
Iran hits US Embassy in Riyadh and Washington pulls out staff
An attack from two drones on the US Embassy in Riyadh caused a “limited fire,” according to the Saudi Arabian Defense Ministry, and the embassy urged Americans to avoid the compound.
An Iranian drone struck a parking lot outside the US consulate in Dubai, sparking a small fire, Secretary of State Marco Rubio said in Washington. He said all personnel were accounted for.
The United Arab Emirates said it has intercepted the vast majority of more than 1,000 Iranian missile and drone attacks against it.
US embassies in Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and Lebanon said they were closed to the public.
The US State Department ordered the evacuation of non-emergency personnel and family in Kuwait, Bahrain, Iraq, Qatar, Jordan and the United Arab Emirates. And US citizens were urged to leave more than a dozen Middle Eastern countries, though many were stranded because of airspace closures.
The State Department said Tuesday it’s preparing military and charter flights for Americans who want to leave the Middle East. Several other countries also arranged evacuation flights for their citizens.
The US-Israeli strikes have killed at least 787 people in Iran, according to the Red Crescent Society. In Lebanon, where Israel launched retaliatory strikes on the Iranian-supported militant group Hezbollah, 50 people were killed, including seven children, Lebanon’s health ministry said.
In addition, three people were killed in the United Arab Emirates, and one each in Kuwait and Bahrain.
The US military has confirmed six deaths of American service members.
Four of the American soldiers killed were identified as Capt. Cody A. Khork, 35, of Winter Haven, Florida; Sgt. 1st Class Noah L. Tietjens, 42, of Bellevue, Nebraska; Sgt. 1st Class Nicole M. Amor, 39, of White Bear Lake, Minnesota; and Sgt, Declan J. Coady, 20, of West Des Moines, lowa, who received a posthumous promotion in rank. They were assigned to the Iowa-based 103rd Sustainment Command.
Turkish Foreign Minister Hakan Fidan on Tuesday criticized Iran’s attacks against Gulf neighbors that had worked to prevent war as an “incredibly flawed strategy” that threatened to widen the war if those states decide to retaliate.