PRISTINA: A US peace plan has propelled former British Prime Minister Tony Blair to the forefront of efforts to end the Israel-Hamas war in Gaza. While his legacy in the Middle East is controversial, especially given his role in taking the UK to war as part of the 2003 US-led invasion of Iraq, there is one place he is revered as a hero: Kosovo.
As prime minister, Blair — along with then US President Bill Clinton — played a pivotal role in putting together an international coalition that conducted airstrikes in 1999 to end Yugoslav President Slobodan Milosevic’s crackdown on independence-seeking ethnic Albanians in Kosovo.
Blair’s popularity in Kosovo soared in the aftermath of the war, even leading to the emergence of a new name for boys: Tonibler, the phonetic spelling of Tony Blair’s name in Albanian.
Tonibler Gashi, a 24-year-old medical student in Pristina, said he is proud of his name.
“My parents wanted to symbolize the state of gratitude and respect toward the great man who, without him … we wouldn’t be here talking Albanian in Kosovo,” he said.
But whether Blair’s success in Kosovo can be replicated in Gaza’s vastly more complex and volatile environment remains deeply contested.
The Gaza ceasefire plan
US President Donald Trump’s plan for Gaza would see Blair potentially leading a transitional international authority, the “Board of Peace,” that would be chaired by Trump himself and would govern the Palestinian territory. The proposed body would combine international expertise, technocrats, UN officials and Palestinian representatives, and would function under a UN mandate.
It aims to oversee reconstruction, security, humanitarian relief, and the groundwork for more permanent governance structures.
Criticism from Palestinians, Arab states, and international legal scholars focus on Blair’s controversial past, especially his backing of the Iraq War. They have also voiced concerns over sovereignty, citing fears that the transitional authority could sideline Palestinian agency.
In a breakthrough on Thursday, Israel and Hamas agreed to a pause in their devastating two-year war and the release of the remaining hostages in exchange for Palestinian prisoners.
Blair is no stranger to the Middle East. He spent eight years serving as the Mideast Quartet’s envoy, working to promote peace between Israel and the Palestinians, before stepping down in 2015. His resignation was seen as a reflection of the dire state of peace efforts that further deteriorated under Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu’s government.
A defining moment for Kosovo in 1998-99
In Kosovo, Blair and Clinton spearheaded a 78-day NATO airstrikes campaign that forced Milosevic to pull his troops out and cede control of what was then a province of Serbia to the United Nations and NATO. More than 13,000 people, mostly ethnic Albanians, died during the 1998-99 war.
“The fight for Kosovo was not only for Kosovo but for all of us, including my own country, who believe that freedom and justice are worth standing up for and if necessary, fighting for,” Blair said in June 2024, on the 25th anniversary of the war’s end.
Many Kosovars associate Blair with military intervention that stopped mass atrocities and see him as one the strongest Western leaders advocating for political efforts for Kosovo’s plight. He is also admired for his support of Kosovo’s postwar reconstruction and institution-building.
A United Nations Mission in Kosovo, or UNMIK, first led by French diplomat Bernard Kouchner, governed Kosovo until 2008 when it declared independence. The United States and most of the West recognize Kosovo’s independence, but not Serbia or its allies Russia and China.
Some in Kosovo express admiration for Blair’s work in the Balkan country and cautious optimism that his experience might serve Gaza well.
“I would ask him to be as straightforward and as much respectful for the humanitarian cause of Gaza as he was to us,” said Gashi, the medical student named after the former British prime minister.
Bashkim Fazliu, of the We Remember Tony Blair Foundation, said that without Blair’s leadership, “we would simply disappear, vanish from Kosovo.” The foundation was created in 2023 when Blair’s statue was raised in the southern town of Ferizaj, 40 kilometers (25 miles) south of the capital Pristina.
A square in Ferizaj was also named Tony Blair.
Many streets, squares or busts have been named or raised for Clinton and then-Secretary of State Madeleine Albright, too.
“So probably this is the last piece that he wants to solve in the world. And, I believe that he can, if he will have this opportunity,” said Fazliu.
Parallels, differences, and key challenges
In both Kosovo and the proposed Gaza plan, there is strong emphasis on international involvement in stopping atrocities, protecting civilians, rebuilding infrastructure, and laying foundations for lasting governance.
Blair is, nevertheless, a polarizing figure in the Arab world. Skepticism is high about whether external leadership under him might be seen as paternalistic or as undermining Palestinian self-determination.
Vlora Citaku, a former diplomat representing Kosovo at the UN, considered Blair “the best suited person” to help lead the postwar transition in Gaza.
“Mr. Blair has something that leadership in the world today lacks and needs: courage and empathy,” she said.
Veton Surroi, a Kosovar politician who was part of the 1999 peace talks that ended the war, said Blair’s role in Gaza should resemble that of Kouchner’s in Kosovo, “as someone who continuously develops relationships within the society that will move that society toward more responsibility.”
“I wish that Tony Blair had the same depth and the same commitment in Gaza as he has had in Kosovo,” he said.
Tony Blair is revered in Kosovo for helping end its war. Many ask if he can succeed again in Gaza
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Tony Blair is revered in Kosovo for helping end its war. Many ask if he can succeed again in Gaza
- Criticism from Palestinians, Arab states, and international legal scholars focus on Blair’s controversial past, especially his backing of the Iraq War
- They have also voiced concerns over sovereignty, citing fears that the transitional authority could sideline Palestinian agency
Blood oozing from corpses haunts escapees from Sudan’s El-Fasher
- The United Nations estimates nearly 90,000 have fled El-Fasher in the past two weeks, many going days without food
TINE: It took 16-year-old Mounir Abderahmane 11 days to reach the Tine refugee transit camp in Chad, crossing arid plains after fleeing the bloodshed in the Sudanese city of El-Fasher.
When the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) entered the city in late October, Abderahmane was at the Saudi hospital, watching over his father, a soldier in the regular army who had been wounded fighting the militia several days earlier.
“They summoned seven nurses and ushered them into a room. We heard gunshots and I saw blood seeping out for under the door,” he told AFP, his voice cracking with emotion.
Abderahmane fled the city the same day with his father, who died several days on the route westwards to Chad.
The RSF, locked in civil war with the army since April 2023, captured El-Fasher, the army’s last stronghold in the vast western Darfur region, on October 26 after an 18-month siege.
Both sides have been accused of atrocities.
The RSF traces its origins back to the Janjaweed, a largely Arab militia armed by the Sudanese government to kill mainly black African tribes in Darfur two decades ago.
Between 2003 and 2008, an estimated 300,000 people were slaughtered in those campaigns of ethnic cleansing and nearly 2.7 million were displaced.
- ‘Never look back’ -
At the Tine camp in eastern Chad — more than 300 kilometers (185 miles) from El-Fasher — escapees said drone attacks had intensified in the city on October 24, just before it fell to the RSF.
Locals crammed into makeshift shelters to escape the bombs, with only “peanut shells” for food, 53-year-old Hamid Souleymane Chogar said.
“Every time I went up to get some air, I saw new corpses in the street, often those of local people I knew,” he shuddered.
Chogar took advantage of a lull to flee in the night.
Crippled, he said, by the Janjaweed in 2011, he had to be hoisted onto a cart that zigzagged through the city between the debris and corpses.
They moved without speaking or lights to avoid detection.
When the headlights of an RSF vehicle swept the night, Mahamat Ahmat Abdelkerim, 53, dived into a nearby house with his wife and six children.
The seventh child had been killed by a drone days earlier.
“There were about 10 bodies in there, all civilians,” he said. “The blood was still oozing from their corpses.”
Mouna Mahamat Oumour, 42, was fleeing with her family when a shell struck the group.
“When I turned round, I saw my aunt’s body torn to pieces. We covered her with a cloth and kept going,” she said through tears.
“We walked on without ever looking back.”
- Extortion -
At the southern edge of the city, they saw corpses piled up in the huge trench the RSF had dug to surround it.
Samira Abdallah Bachir, 29, said she and her three young children had to climb down into the ditch to escape, negotiating the morass of bodies “so we wouldn’t step on them.”
Once past the trench, refugees had to negotiate checkpoints on the two main roads leading out of El-Fasher, where witnesses reported rape and theft.
At each roadblock, the fighters demanded cash — $800 to $1,600 — for safe passage.
The United Nations estimates nearly 90,000 have fled El-Fasher in the past two weeks, many going days without food.
“People are being relocated from Tine to reduce crowding and make room for new refugees,” said Ameni Rahmani, 42, of medical charity Doctors Without Borders (MSF).
The power struggle between the RSF and the army — in part to control Sudan’s gold and oil — has killed tens of thousands of people since April 2023, displaced nearly 12 million and triggered what the UN calls the world’s most extensive hunger crisis.
