India succeeds in historic space docking mission

The Indian Space Research Organization’s launchpad ahead of the liftoff of its space docking mission, SpaDeX, at the Satish Dhawan Space Center in Sriharikota, Dec. 30, 2024. (ISRO)
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Updated 16 January 2025
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India succeeds in historic space docking mission

  • Only the US, Russia, and China have docked in space before
  • India approves setting up of third launchpad for space missions

NEW DELHI: India became on Thursday the fourth country to achieve docking in space by joining two small aircraft, a feat that cements its place as a global space power.

Space docking is the connecting of two spacecraft in orbit. It requires precise navigation and control and is crucial for space missions that involve transferring astronauts or cargo, conducting repairs, or refueling.

The Indian Space Research Organization launched its docking mission on Dec. 30 from the Satish Dhawan Space Center in Sriharikota island off the Bay of Bengal.

Codenamed the Space Docking Experiment, or SpaDeX, the mission involved deploying two small spacecraft, each weighing about 220 kg, into an orbit approximately 470 km above Earth.

The ISRO announced the program’s success on Thursday morning.

“A historic moment ... Docking initiated with precision, leading to successful spacecraft capture. Retraction completed smoothly, followed by rigidisation for stability. Docking successfully completed,” it said on X.

“India became the 4th country to achieve successful space docking.”

Only the US, Russia and China have previously docked in space. The US marked its first successful docking with the Gemini 8 mission performed by astronauts Neil Armstrong and David Scott in 1966. Russia joined the race with the success of its Soyuz 11 mission in 1969, and China with Shenzhou 8 in 2011.

Joining the exclusive group brings India closer to its plan to build a modular space station, the Bharatiya Antariksh Station, by 2035.

“If you want to have a research station in orbit, or if you want to go to the moon, land, and come back, you need to have a mechanism by which one entity is revolving and another entity can come and attach to it in orbit. That is called docking,” said Syed Maqbool Ahmed, a former ISRO scientist who was part of the Chandrayaan program — the Indian Lunar Exploration Program.

“Docking is so highly complex, extremely complex ... you are trying to very precisely manage going to an object which is there in the orbit and your speed is 25,000 kph. The other object is also going at the same speed.”

SpaDeX was a crucial step toward establishing a space station and also keeping up with India’s key rival, China.

“China has already put up its hardware. China’s space station is all active, working. Their astronauts are going to the space station and coming back. India would love to do the same thing,” Ahmed told Arab News.

“So much of talent is there in India ... The ambition of building a space station is always there and I think the project is going with full steam. This is a simple stepping stone for that mission. It is just great. A lot of hurdles are overcome.”

Space docking adds to India’s exploration status, following the successful launch of Aditya-L1 in 2023 — the country’s first solar observation mission, and the world’s second after the US Parker Solar Probe in 2021.

Also in 2023, ISRO’s Chandrayaan-3 moon rover made history by landing on the lunar surface, making India the first country to land near the south pole and the fourth to land on the planet — after the US, the Soviet Union, and China.

The projects are key features of Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s efforts to establish India as a superpower.

For the past few years the government has been creating the environment and long-term investment for the industry to flourish and involve the private sector as well. In October, it approved a $116 million venture capital fund to support space sector-focused startups.

As Modi congratulated the ISRO on the successful SpaDeX mission, he said on X it was a “significant stepping stone for India’s ambitious space missions in the years to come.”

Hours later, the Indian government approved the construction of a third launchpad in Satish Dhawan Space Center to be completed in four years at a cost of $460 million.

“The Project will boost the Indian Space ecosystem by enabling higher launch frequencies and the national capacity to undertake human spaceflight & space exploration missions,” the Cabinet said in a statement.

“It will be realized with maximum industry participation fully utilizing ISRO’s experience in establishing the earlier launch pads and maximally sharing the existing launch complex facilities.”


Congressional Black Caucus and civil rights leaders unite to counter Trump administration’s agenda

Updated 12 February 2026
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Congressional Black Caucus and civil rights leaders unite to counter Trump administration’s agenda

  • Rep. Yvette Clarke of New York, caucus chair, lamented the concerted effort to roll back civil rights underlying voting access and dismantling of social programs 
  • Civil rights leaders and Democratic lawmakers have already filed dozens of lawsuits against the administration’s anti-DEI policies

WASHINGTON: The Congressional Black Caucus and major civil rights groups on Tuesday marked Black History Month by relaunching a national plan to mobilize against what they say are the Trump administration’s efforts to weaken legal protections for minority communities.
The assembled leaders voiced outrage over the series of policy actions President Donald Trump has implemented since his return to the White House, as well as the president’s personal conduct, but offered few concrete details about what they’re prepared to do in response to the administration.
“Over the past year, we have seen a concerted effort to roll back civil rights underlying voting access, dismantle social programs and concentrate power in the hands of the wealthy and well-connected, at the expense of our community,” said Rep. Yvette Clarke, D-N.Y., chair of the Congressional Black Caucus.
Clarke, who spoke in front of leaders from major civil rights organizations and her Democratic colleagues, promised the caucus would “legislate, organize, mobilize our communities.” The coalition, which spoke privately before the press conference, discussed how to protect voters ahead of the fall midterms and how to build a policy agenda for Democrats should the party win back power in either chamber of Congress next year.
“It’s an all-hands-on-deck moment, and every tool available to the leadership collectively has got to be deployed to get this thing turned around,” House Minority Leader Hakeem Jeffries, D-N.Y., told The Associated Press after the press conference.
Jeffries did not rule out mass protests, organizing boycotts and further legal action as potential steps organizers may take.
The leaders’ warnings come at a moment when the Trump administration has continued its crusade against diversity, equity and inclusion across the US government, in higher education and the private sector.
At the start of his second term, Trump signed multiple executive orders banning the use of “illegal DEI” in government agencies, as well as organizations that interact with the federal government. Trump has threatened to withhold funds from major companies, non-profit groups and state governments as part of the administration’s efforts to upend DEI.
The administration has also sought to redefine the nation’s culture and how history is taught in museums, classrooms and other educational settings. It also prioritized investigating and prosecuting civil rights cases of potential discrimination against white people through both the Justice Department’s civil rights division and the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, among other agencies.
Civil rights leaders and Democratic lawmakers have already filed dozens of lawsuits against the administration’s anti-DEI policies.
Locked out of power in both chambers of Congress, Democrats have fewer ways to conduct oversight or limit the actions of the Trump administration. And civil rights leaders, who were largely knocked on the back foot by a deluge of policy changes over the last year, are attempting to regroup ahead of this year’s midterm elections.
Progressive civil rights leaders, who are broadly unhappy with the administration’s entire agenda, have argued that the president’s agenda on immigration, voting rights, the economy and other issues is exploiting hard-won policies that civil rights leaders had, for decades, used to ensure anti-discrimination and economic advancement for Black communities.
“This is about how this administration is using the tools we built as a Black community to ensure that all of our people are protected,” said Maya Wiley, president and CEO of the Leadership Conference on Civil and Human Rights.
Progressive state leaders and civil rights groups have also stepped up their efforts elsewhere. A coalition of state attorneys general and civil rights groups this month launched a coalition to promote DEI and accessibility policies through more aggressive legal action.
“State attorneys general are in a unique position to defend these fundamental rights, and this campaign will ensure everyone is heard and shielded from those who aim to weaken civil rights,” Illinois Attorney General Kwame Raoul said in a statement on Monday announcing the initiative.
The initiative includes Democratic attorneys general from fourteen states District of Columbia, as well as over a dozen civil rights groups from across the country. The group intends to launch inquiries and file lawsuits across the country into instances where, the leaders argue, organizations may be violating anti-discrimination laws in response to the rollback of DEI policies by major companies and the Trump administration.
The effort faces an uncertain and shifting legal landscape.
Federal courts remain divided over the use of race in hiring and anti-discrimination in the workplace. And the conservative-majority on the Supreme Court has ruled against the use of race in college admissions. Several justices have voiced skepticism about how race and other characteristics can be used by government agencies and private institutions, even if a policy was meant to combat discrimination.
On Tuesday, the assembled civil rights leaders repeatedly acknowledged the uphill battle that their movement faced on multiple fronts. Some said that the administration’s policy decisions may set up stark political battles in the coming years.
Marc Morial, president of the National Urban League, said: “We commit today to fight and fight and fight until hell freezes over, and then, I can assure you, we will fight on the ice.”