Saudi Arabia joins UN Convention to elevate global trade

The Kingdom becomes the 96th nation that accedes to the agreement, which will officially come into effect on Sept. 1. File
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Updated 22 August 2023
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Saudi Arabia joins UN Convention to elevate global trade

RIYADH: In an effort to stimulate the economy and enhance its global position in international trade, Saudi Arabia has acceded to the UN Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods. 

The UN CISG is a multilateral uniform international sales treaty that facilitates international trade by removing legal barriers among state parties and providing consistent rules governing global goods contracts. 

With this step, the Kingdom becomes the 96th nation that accedes to the agreement, which will officially come into effect on Sept. 1.   

The Kingdom’s announcement aims to boost business sector growth and strengthen the integration of the local economy with regional and global peers, well aligned with the objectives of Vision 2030.   

Additionally, the move will support alternatives to settling disputes by making it easier to refer to the law applied in such an event. 

However, it’s worth noting that Saudi Arabia will exclude part III of the agreement that pertains to 'riba' or interest, as it is prohibited under Islamic law. 

King Salman's Council of Ministers backed the plan for Saudi Arabia to join the CISG in June. This move will not only enhance the nation’s domestic contract system but also provide a clarity boost for businesses engaged in international trade. 

Under the CISG, sellers are mandated to transfer ownership and deliver goods in line with contract specifications, while buyers are responsible for payment and accepting goods. Violations of the agreement will allow the aggrieved party to seek performance, damages, or contract termination. 

Moreover, the agreement will reduce transaction costs and enhance business certainty for Saudi Arabia, a nation positioned as the 19th largest exporter and the 20th largest import market worldwide. 

In addition to facilitating trade, the CISG will help simplify dispute resolution processes, cultivating a conducive environment for all parties involved in international business dealings. 


PIF’s Humain invests $3bn in Elon Musk’s xAI prior to SpaceX acquisition

Updated 18 February 2026
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PIF’s Humain invests $3bn in Elon Musk’s xAI prior to SpaceX acquisition

JEDDAH: Humain, an artificial intelligence company owned by Saudi Arabia’s Public Investment Fund, invested $3 billion in Elon Musk’s xAI shortly before the startup was acquired by SpaceX.

As part of xAI’s Series E round, Humain acquired a significant minority stake in the company, which was subsequently converted into shares of SpaceX, according to a press release.

The transaction reflects PIF’s broader push to position Saudi Arabia as a central hub in the global AI ecosystem, as part of its Vision 2030 diversification strategy.

Through Humain, the fund is seeking to combine capital deployment with infrastructure buildout, partnerships with leading technology firms, and domestic capacity development to reduce reliance on oil revenues and expand into advanced industries.

The $3 billion commitment offers potential for long-term capital gains while reinforcing the company’s role as a strategic, scaled investor in transformative technologies.

CEO Tareq Amin said: “This investment reflects Humain’s conviction in transformational AI and our ability to deploy meaningful capital behind exceptional opportunities where long-term vision, technical excellence, and execution converge, xAI’s trajectory, further strengthened by its acquisition by SpaceX, one of the largest technology mergers on record, represents the kind of high-impact platform we seek to support with significant capital.” 

The deal builds on a large-scale collaboration announced in November at the US-Saudi Investment Forum, where Humain and xAI committed to developing over 500 megawatts of next-generation AI data center and computing infrastructure, alongside deploying xAI’s “Grok” models in the Kingdom.

In a post on his X handle, Amin said: “I’m proud to share that Humain has invested $3 billion into xAI’s Series E round, just prior to its historic acquisition by SpaceX. Through this transaction, Humain became a significant minority shareholder in xAI.”

He added: “The investment builds on our previously announced 500MW AI infrastructure partnership with xAI in Saudi Arabia, reinforcing Humain’s role as both a strategic development partner and a scaled global investor in frontier AI.”

He noted that xAI’s trajectory, further strengthened by SpaceX’s acquisition, exemplifies the high-impact platforms Humain aims to support through strategic investments.

Earlier in February, SpaceX completed the acquisition of xAI, reflecting Elon Musk’s strategy to integrate AI with space exploration.

The combined entity, valued at $1.25 trillion, aims to build a vertically integrated innovation ecosystem spanning AI, space launch technology, and satellite internet, as well as direct-to-device communications and real-time information platforms, according to Bloomberg.

Humain, founded in August, consolidates Saudi Arabia’s AI initiatives under a single entity. From the outset, its vision has extended beyond domestic markets, participating across the global AI value chain from infrastructure to applications.

The company represents a strategic initiative by PIF to diversify the Kingdom’s economy and reduce oil dependence by investing in knowledge-based and advanced technologies.