King Abdulaziz Public Library acquires rare Islamic medical manuscripts

The illustrations, drawn with pen and inks of different colors, present the entire human body, with each drawing taking a whole page. (SPA)
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Updated 15 September 2021
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King Abdulaziz Public Library acquires rare Islamic medical manuscripts

  • The drawings demonstrate great craftsmanship in their use of lines and colors

RIYADH: One of the rarest human anatomy manuscripts dating from the 14th century has found its way to the King Abdulaziz Public Library in the Kingdom’s capital.
The book, titled “The Anatomy of the Human Body,” is the earliest known book to dissect and draw the inside of the human body. It was written by Mansur bin Mohammed bin Ahmed bin Yusuf bin Ilias Al-Kashmiri between 1380 and 1391.
The book is one of the most precious Islamic medical manuscripts. It preceded the modern anatomy of the Belgian physician Andreas Vesalius and the Italian painter Leonardo da Vinci.
European scientists learnt from the book’s drawings and manuscripts and made anatomy a part of their recognized medical education. The illustrations, drawn with pen and inks of different colors, present the entire human body, with each drawing taking a whole page.

FASTFACT

The book, titled ‘The Anatomy of the Human Body,’ is the earliest known book to draw and dissect the inside of the human body.

The drawings demonstrate great craftsmanship in their use of lines and colors. They utilized the art of the Islamic miniatures, which was standard at the time the book was written, and were drawn with no tools other than pens.
The chapters cover the bones, nerves, muscles, veins, arteries, face, nose, liver and other organs of the human body, with the author writing in detail about the functions of the arteries and describing the veins as mobile veins that emerge from the left and right ventricles of the heart, where the diastole and systole occur.
The book, written in Persian, was transcribed by a scribe named Mohammed Hassan on Dec. 16, 1707.


Experimental farm in Al-Lith looks into future of Saudi Arabian agriculture

Updated 01 February 2026
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Experimental farm in Al-Lith looks into future of Saudi Arabian agriculture

  • Research initiative reflects strategic transformation

JEDDAH: An experimental farm in Saudi Arabia’s Al-Lith Governorate is one of the research initiatives reflecting the strategic transformation taking place in the Kingdom’s agricultural sector.

The farm uses highly efficient, sustainable production models that combine scientific research with commercial application, contributing to strengthening the country’s food security system and the sustainability of water resources.

Located in the Ghumaiqa Center on an area of about 10 hectares, the cutting-edge farm is a testing platform for modern agricultural technologies that tackle the challenge of water scarcity.

The farm includes developed open fields and modern greenhouses, supported by smart irrigation encompassing drip and sprinkler irrigation alongside surface and subsurface technologies.

All the systems operate via smart controls that enable the monitoring of water consumption and ensure improved efficiency, thereby achieving a balance between agricultural production and water conservation.

The farm also uses treated and diluted low-salinity seawater.

It aims to diversify agricultural water sources, reduce reliance on freshwater, and open new horizons for agriculture in coastal and semi-arid environments.

The project represents a promising investment opportunity in the field of smart agriculture, enabling the development of commercially scalable production models, particularly for high-value vegetables and fruits, while reducing operational costs associated with water and energy, enhancing the economic feasibility of future agricultural projects.

In addition, the project contributes to transferring and localizing agricultural expertise, supporting local food supply chains, and creating an attractive environment for agricultural investment.

This aligns with Sustainable Development Goals and enhances the efficiency of the private sector in adopting innovative agricultural solutions.

Yahya bin Abdulrahman Al-Mahabi, the director of the Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture office in Al-Lith Governorate, told the Saudi Press Agency that the project represented the future of agriculture in the Kingdom.

He explained that the vision was based on investing in technology, enhancing the return on water per unit, and integrating scientific research with investment opportunities.

Al-Mahabi spoke of the experimental farm as a modern, scalable and replicable model applicable in several regions of the Kingdom, particularly in coastal environments.

Al-Mahabi highlighted the Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture’s commitment to supporting distinctive projects that contributed to achieving food security while developing rural areas and enhancing agricultural production efficiency, in line with the objectives of the Kingdom’s Vision 2030.