What We Are Reading Today: Privilege and Punishment by Matthew Clair
Updated 27 November 2020
Arab News
The number of Americans arrested, brought to court, and incarcerated has skyrocketed in recent decades. Criminal defendants come from all races and economic walks of life, but they experience punishment in vastly different ways. Privilege and Punishment examines how racial and class inequalities are embedded in the attorney-client relationship, providing a devastating portrait of inequality and injustice within and beyond the criminal courts.
Matthew Clair conducted extensive fieldwork in the Boston court system, attending criminal hearings and interviewing defendants, lawyers, judges, police officers, and probation officers. In this eye-opening book, he uncovers how privilege and inequality play out in criminal court interactions.
When disadvantaged defendants try to learn their legal rights and advocate for themselves, lawyers and judges often silence, coerce, and punish them. Privileged defendants, who are more likely to trust their defense attorneys, delegate authority to their lawyers, defer to judges, and are rewarded for their compliance.
Clair shows how attempts to exercise legal rights often backfire on the poor and on working-class people of color, and how effective legal representation alone is no guarantee of justice.
Superbly written and powerfully argued, Privilege and Punishment draws needed attention to the injustices that are perpetuated by the attorney-client relationship in today’s criminal courts, and describes the reforms needed to correct them.
Recipes for Success: Chef Elia Kaady talks kitchen discipline
Updated 42 sec ago
Shyama Krishna Kumar
DUBAI: Elia Kaady, head chef at Saudi fine-dining restaurant Maiz, may never have made a career of cooking if it wasn’t for his brother.
“Everyone probably has a person who inspires them to build a better a better future for themselves. For me, that’s my brother, who’s also a chef. He was the one who supported our family and took care of almost everything. So, I was inspired by him. Of course, I had a passion for food, but it’s mostly due to him,” Kaady tells Arab News.
Kaady began his career in Beirut, working at a wide variety of restaurants including La Posta, Burgundy, and SUD Rest-Bar. He then moved to Saudi Arabia.
Now he’s running the kitchen at Maiz, which opened its doors last summer in Riyadh’s upmarket Bujairi Terrace. The menu is inspired by recipes and ingredients from across Saudi Arabia’s various regions.
“It’s a Saudi restaurant that provides high-end, authentic and uplifted dishes in a beautiful location,” Kaady says.
During Ramadan, the restaurant is offering a Chef’s Suhoor Table, where diners have the chance to engage with the chef, ask questions, and gain insights into the menu and culinary inspirations behind each dish.
“The Chef’s Suhoor Table offers a great immersive experience for all the local Saudis and for all the foreigners as well,” Kaady says.
Here, the chef discusses shawarmas, his favorite dish to cook, and his management style.
Q: When you started out what was the most common mistake you made?
A: There were many challenges, especially when I was studying in the mornings at culinary school and working late nights in a restaurant. The main thing was getting the heat right — working with the stove was one of the biggest challenges. When you cook fish, or beef, or lamb, you have to get the heat exactly right.
What’s your top tip for amateur chefs?
Be patient. Rushing can cause you to lose your passion. Especially if you get something wrong the first few times; you will lose hope. For sure, speed can be important in the kitchen, but when it comes to doing it well, organization is the most important thing.
What one ingredient can instantly improve any dish?
Olive oil, or extra virgin olive oil. It’s a major element in Mediterranean cuisine. I belong to Lebanon, so I feel olive oil uplifts the taste of the dishes to another level. Moreover, it’s an essential part of our daily routine in the Middle East.
When you go out to eat, what’s your favorite cuisine?
Mediterranean is one of my favorites. But I also love Middle Eastern street food, which is famous worldwide. I love beef shawarmas. Each bite reminds me of my childhood. The sourness of the tomatoes, the parsley, the julienned onions and the tahina sauce take me to a different space. It’s so simple.
And when you’re eating out, do you find yourself critiquing the food?
Honestly, yes; I do do that sometimes. Being a chef, or being in the food industry, does make you a critical person.
What’s a common mistake you find other restaurants making?
The issue I find in a lot of places is that the food is unsalted or unseasoned.
What’s your go-to dish if you have to cook something quickly at home?
OK, let’s go simple again. In 20 minutes, I could have crispy French fries and tabouleh salad —adding some slices of red chili makes it taste very different. This combination makes me really happy.
What’s your favorite dish to cook?
I love making pasta dishes. Italian dishes are very rich but use just a few simple ingredients like tomato, olive oil, ricotta cheese, basil, garlic and eggplant. You could add pine nuts too. A dish like this will make my day.
What customer request most annoys you?
When a customer asks me to make sure their chicken is well-cooked. I know meat needs to be cooked properly.
As a head chef, what are you like? Do you shout a lot? Or are you quite laid back?
In this industry, we’re under constant pressure — we have to give our guests the best experience. And to keep a good environment in the kitchen, the staff must behave well. I believe it can be necessary to shout a bit; it’s another tool with the employees to have the rules followed in the kitchen all the way.
Trailblazers: Menhat Helmy bridges worlds through art
The final part of this year’s series highlighting pioneering female artists from the Arab world in honor of Women’s History Month
Updated 21 min 1 sec ago
Rawaa Talass
DUBAI: From scenes of local village life to images inspired by the cosmos, the late Egyptian modern artist Menhat Helmy’s oeuvre was a varied one.
Helmy was born in Cairo in 1925 into a large family of seven sisters and two brothers. She died in May 2004.
One relative who remembers her fondly is her eldest grandson, Canada-based journalist Karim Zidan, who grew up with her paintings hanging in his family’s house.
“Though she passed away when I was 12 years old, I still have vivid memories of her and our interactions. I remember her helping me build Lego sets and complete jigsaw puzzles,” Zidan, who manages Helmy’s estate, tells Arab News.
Long before she became a grandmother, Menhat was a bright young woman who studied at the Egyptian capital’s High Institute of Pedagogic Studies for Art in the 1940s. Next came a great opportunity to study at the famed Slade School of Fine Arts in London, during the 1950s, reportedly making her only the second Egyptian woman to study there.
“London played a pivotal role in her career,” notes Zidan. “It was during her time at the Slade School of Fine Arts that she discovered printmaking, the art form that would come to define her work and legacy. My grandmother produced her first etchings at the school.”
The 1970s saw Helmy delve into abstraction, as in her 1973 masterpiece “Space Exploration.”
“During this time, my grandmother was fascinated with space and technological developments such as the computer,” explains Zidan. “She sought to depict her newfound fascinations in her work, but the geometric synergy in it is rooted in her appreciation for Islamic art. All of this is clearly represented in ‘Space Exploration,’ which can be viewed as a depiction of the night sky; constellations in perfect formation; a universe in flux; or even electrons flowing through a circuit board.”
Today, Helmy’s artworks can be found in the UAE’s Barjeel Art Foundation, the Jordan National Gallery of Fine Arts and the UCL Art Museum in London.
“The variety of her oeuvre, coupled with the sheer complexity and avant-garde nature of the work, is precisely what makes her such a pioneering figure in modern Egyptian art,” Zidan concludes.
LAHORE: For Saad Mehmood, it was a routine visit to a mosque in the eastern Pakistani city of Lahore for Friday prayers in 2017 when the then 22-year-old stumbled upon a store room with sheaves of paper stored carefully on a shelf.
The worn pages were fragments from everyday copies of the Qur’an, which were awaiting ritual disposal. In Pakistan, pages of the holy book that are disposed are often called shaheed, or martyred, copies.
In Islam, widely accepted methods of disposing worn pages of the holy book are to wrap them in a cloth and bury them, ideally in a mosque, or to burn them respectfully.
But Mehmood, at the time a final year student of fine arts at the Beaconhouse National University (BNU), was inspired by the worn copies and decided to restore them as part of his thesis.
“Saad asked for some of these pages that were torn or worn out, and started to restore the ordinary, mass-printed sheets with gold paper and the finest ink — bringing that which was ‘martyred’ back to life,” the artist’s statement accompanying an ongoing exhibition of his works in Lahore reads.
The effort is “an act of artistic devotion,” Mehmood told Arab News at the exhibition last week, saying all his work now revolved around restoring the holy pages and turning them into artforms.
“This work started in 2017,” Mehmood, now a 28-year-old visual artist, said. “I collect the pages of the Qur’an that are shaheed, then there’s an entire process to their restoration, I fill in the damaged parts so that the pages are readable again.”
Mehmood said he had done extensive research on damaged Qur’anic pages and what happened to them and where they went from storerooms of mosques and homes.
“I saw that they’re buried in graveyards, or floated in clean and flowing water. Sometimes, I even saw the pages being burned and their ashes buried in some corner of a graveyard,” he explained.
This got Mehmood thinking: instead of disposing of the sacred texts, he could restore them.
The process of restoration was a difficult one, as many Qur’an pages Mehmood came across had no references.
“When we open these [Qur’anic] collections… there are [some] smaller pages which don’t have any references [which ayat, surah, what page number],” he said. “So, this was a conundrum… how do I restore them when there’s no reference to work with?“
Mehmood decided to make a collage of such pages.
“So, at least they are still visible, still accessible,” he said. “So, we don’t accidentally disrespect the words, they will remain in front of our eyes, and then turn them into art to be appreciated.”
Mehmood has also visited multiple religious scholars to present his idea and his work.
“There are a lot of organizations in Pakistan like Tahaffuz-e-Auraq [who dispose of pages in the prescribed manner],” Mehmood said. “I restored them and then I started showing people that basically this is the work I’m doing.”
The idea found wide acceptability, he said. “GOLD LEAF”
The ongoing exhibition in Lahore, organized by the Pakistan Art Forum, includes collages of restored Qur’anic fragments, concentric circles around Islamic calligraphy, decorative additions like gold leaves, and paintings with Arabic diacritics on Vasli and white paper. And this is all by design.
Mehmood said he wants to further explore this Islamic art form and create something new, like his painting of the diacritics without any words, or of punctuation marks without any sentences.
“The Qur’an came to us from Arabia, and the diacritics were added later, so that non-native Arabic speakers [Ajmi] could understand the text,” he said. “[Helping] in how to pronounce and enunciate it, zeir, zabr, that is also something I’ve worked on, and will continue to work on.”
There is also a reason why Mehmood uses gold leaf so often.
“When you look at my work… I have used gold leaf on the shaheed [damaged] Qur’anic pages,” he said.
“I used that gold leaf specifically and consciously, because gold is considered a divine material. And where the words are missing, pages torn, I’ve also used gold leaf to show the preciousness of the lost words, using a precious material.” “EXPAND WAYS TO EXPERIENCE QUR’AN”
The visual artist has held a number of group exhibitions at the Alhamra Arts Center in Lahore and Sanat Gallery in the southern port city of Karachi. Last week, he held his second solo show in Lahore, titled Al-Qadr, referring to the night when Muslims believe the Qur’an was first revealed.
While most of the visitors to the Lahore exhibition said they had come out of curiosity, they left with admiration for the intricate work and beautiful calligraphy or collage technique that Mehmood uses.
“Calligraphy is a part of [what I do], but this is something else [entirely],” he explained. “You can call it a collage. You can call it an installation. You can call it painting, you can call it artwork.”
Shahid Rassam, a famous Pakistani painter and sculptor, described Mehmood work as “positive,” saying he had seen other works, though rare, in which worn Qur’an pages were restored as a form of art.
Rassam, who has himself made contemporary forms of the Qur’an, including one in which he used metal engravings, said it was “vital to expand the ways in which we experience the sacred text, even as art installations.”
“I think what this young man [Saad Mehmood] is doing is objectively a positive thing,” the artist said. “He’s taking sacred pages and giving them their rightful respect, instead of just letting them lie in poorly-kept stores and boxes.”
What We Are Reading Today ‘Common People: In Pursuit of My Ancestors’ by Alison Light
Updated 28 March 2024
Jasmine Bager
Alison Light, author of many acclaimed books about feminism and history, takes us on a journey to trace her own ancestors in “Common People: In Pursuit of My Ancestors.”
Many of us might be curious about our ancestors — who were they, what stories did they have to tell, what were they like? Exploring one’s lineage could uncover less than glamorous backstories or prove to be a frustrating endeavor with inconsistencies and dead ends.
Light, however, finds a way to chart the course of the lives of everyday people. She goes through the stories of servants, sailors, farm workers, combing through archives to revive their stories and allow these people to live once more — if only in her pages.
In her 2009 book, “Mrs Woolf and the Servants: An Intimate History of Domestic Life in Bloomsbury,” she was transfixed by the life of Virginia Woolf, a popular yet deeply depressed author in her own right, who relied on live-in domestic help during her life to help with the most intimate and mundane of daily tasks. In this book, Light uses the same approach but turns the focus to her own life and history. She tries to understand her own ancestors and — by extension — all of ours, too. Her attempt at understanding the lives of those who once existed helps us to understand our own lives. Family history is a kind of public history and one that we share.
The book has maps, detailed family trees and Light’s personal photographs to augment her painstaking research and ability to zap life into those long gone.
“I began this book because I realized I had no idea where my family came from,” she says in the preface. Although she knew where she grew up and her personal history — as well as fragments of her parents’ lives, which they shared, and some stories about her grandparents — she did not know the bigger picture.
Her mother’s mother was an orphan and her father’s side was littered with blank spaces. She concluded that many of her relatives had no roots, as far as she could tell, and so the book became a quest to dive deeper into what it is possible to find out about people we never met but whose bloodline we share.
Since genealogy has become something of a trend in recent years, finding out your genetic background has become a simple process — spit into a tube and have it analyzed. But what are the stories that go behind and beyond the science?
Light’s book tries to find out, and you, the reader, can join her on that journey.
Athr Foundation fosters creativity with Bait Shouaib open studio
Bait Shouaib offers an immersive and supportive environment, fostering creativity and cultural exchange among the rich heritage of its surroundings
During the residency, artists learned about the Al-Balad district from the perspective of a local inhabitant, resulting in studio presentations and site-specific installations
Updated 28 March 2024
Afshan Aziz
JEDDAH: The Athr Foundation has launched the first open studio at Bait Shouaib, an artists’ residential program located in the heart of Al-Balad.
Bait Shouaib offers an immersive and supportive environment, fostering creativity and cultural exchange among the rich heritage of its surroundings.
During the residency, artists learned about the Al-Balad district from the perspective of a local inhabitant, resulting in studio presentations and site-specific installations.
One artist, Badr Ali, told Arab News: “My memories of Al-Balad were from childhood, where my mom warned me of its rough and dangerous nature. Coming from Germany, I took a hiatus from art and decided to join this residency for inspiration. I was struck by the district’s homogeneity and outdated toys, sparking research on their intended audience. These toys, originally meant for Umrah migrants, now seem out of touch with today’s tech-savvy kids.”
He added: “Through my art, I explore the irony of these toys in a district that has undergone gentrification. My painting highlights the decay of mass-produced toys, using glitter and embellishments to emphasize the contrast between superficial esthetics and inherent quality issues. This residency in Jeddah has been a unique experience, different from my previous ones in France, Germany, and the UK. The cultural nuances and art scene in Saudi Arabia have presented new challenges and inspirations for my work.”
The intimate perspective offered by the artists has deepened their understanding of Al-Balad’s rich cultural heritage. The night-time festivities during Ramadan added an extra layer of enchantment.
Artist Tamara Kalo said, “This residency program has been really inspiring. I feel like there are so many things I wanted to do and not enough time. But, also, that’s the beauty. Maybe it’s like you get to explore little bits and pieces of things that are inspiring, then you do what you can and it still opens doors for other things in the future.”
On her artwork, she said: “The bedspace is a realm of the subconscious, holding tensions of dreams and nightmares, comfort and discomfort. By intertwining my body with a green ribbon on the bed frame, I create a cage-like enclosure for imaginative safe space. The green screen material offers infinite representation possibilities, blurring the line between material and immaterial through video overlay. This references the virtual world as a collective subconscious that interrupts our rest. The roshan-turned-camera work brings the public into private space by capturing direct light reflections.”
And Abdulla Bahiji’s innovative approach to reimagining the urban landscapes of Jeddah and the Hejaz region involved transforming concrete blocks into biodegradable incense burners infused with scents and flora.
Reflecting on his experience as a newcomer to Al-Balad, he said: “As a first-time dweller in Al-Balad, I found myself captivated by its essence, enveloped in a rich tapestry of scents ranging from Jawi bakhoor to fish, oud to meat. These fragrances not only altered my perception of time but also served as tangible markers of the city’s evolving narrative. Investigating the history of Al-Balad, I uncovered the remarkable resilience of the local businesses as they transitioned from traditional to medicinal products, showcasing the city’s adaptability.”
The curator of the open studio, Alana Alireza, said: “In my role I oversaw the coordination of two artists and a researcher to cultivate a harmonious and collaborative workspace. This led to the creation of a reflective essay inspired by my time in Al-Balad, exploring the themes of scent and nostalgia.”
Bait Shouaib, hosted by the Athr Foundation offers a transformative experience for artists worldwide. The four-week residency provides a fully equipped studio space and facilitates cross-cultural dialog, heritage exploration, and artistic development.