Fall in demand for oil and pandemic squeeze Saudi finances in first-quarter

1 / 2
Saudi Arabia’s oil revenues fell by 24 percent in the first three months of the year in the wake of the coronavirus pandemic, finance ministry figures show. (AP )
2 / 2
The Kingdom has dipped into its reserves to offset the decline in oil and other revenues. (Reuters)
Short Url
Updated 30 April 2020
Follow

Fall in demand for oil and pandemic squeeze Saudi finances in first-quarter

  • The figures showed a government deficit of SR34.1 billion, mainly as a result of a 24 percent decline in oil revenue compared with the same period last year
  • Total revenue for the quarter amounted to SR192 billion, down 22 percent year on year

DUBAI/RIYADH: The COVID-19 crisis and the resulting fall in demand for oil hit Saudi Arabia’s finances in the first quarter of 2020.

The Kingdom’s Ministry of Finance announced its budget for the first three months of the year, taking in March when economic lockdowns were introduced across most countries in the world and oil prices fell dramatically.

The figures showed a government deficit of SR34.1 billion ($9.06 billion), mainly as a result of a 24 percent decline in oil revenue compared with the same period last year. Global oil prices roughly halved in the three months covered by the budget statement. Total revenue for the quarter amounted to SR192 billion, down 22 percent year on year.

There was also a 26 percent decline in income from taxes, to SR30.6 billion, including excise and sales taxes, as consumer and economic activity dropped off toward the end of the quarter.

Revenues from non-oil activity — which policymakers are looking to boost as part of the move toward economic diversification — fell by 17 percent to SR63.6 billion.

There was a big increase in expenditure on infrastructure and transportation in the quarter, up 81 percent to SR12.2 billion, while the biggest item on the cost side, military spending, saw a 6 percent rise to SR53 billion.

Finance minister Mohammed Al-Jadaan said last week in a budget preview that the Kingdom would recover from the twin challenges of the oil price and the economic hit from the pandemic. “We will get over this in a strong position. We have gone through and seen other deeper crises in the past, and survived them,” he said.

Al-Jadaan projected a deficit of SR187 billion for the year, which would be financed by borrowing, cost reductions and some draw down from reserves, compared with a deficit of SR131 billion last year. He said he is looking for further cost savings from government budgets. 

The Saudi Arabian Monetary Authority also announced that foreign reserves had fallen to $464 billion in March, down $27 billion and the biggest monthly decline in 20 years, as the Kingdom dipped into its vast reserves to offset the decline in oil and other revenues.

Monica Malik, chief economist at Abu Dhabi Commercial Bank, said that the decline in reserves “reflected both higher government funding to cover the budget deficit and the support packages announced this month to help counterbalance the impact of COVID-19.”

Analysts believe the Kingdom will fund some of its deficit through international capital markets, following on from the successful $7 billion foreign bond issue earlier this month, which was several times oversubscribed.

Mazen Alsudairi, head of research at Riyadh-based Al Rajhi Capital, said he expects further bond issuance. “It will increase because the government will fund most of the deficit through debt,” he told Arab News.

He added that the impact of the pandemic would be more visible in the current quarter.


How lifestyle-led real estate is reshaping Saudi Arabia’s urban future

Updated 25 January 2026
Follow

How lifestyle-led real estate is reshaping Saudi Arabia’s urban future

  • Government spending, regulatory changes, and incentives for foreign investors are fueling development

RIYADH: Saudi Arabia’s real estate sector is entering a new phase, one defined by lifestyle, experience, and quality of life rather than sheer housing volume.

Driven by Vision 2030, lifestyle-focused developments are set to outperform traditional residential projects, reshaping how people live, work, and connect across the Kingdom.
Government spending, regulatory changes, and incentives for foreign investors are also fueling development. Rising demand across residential, commercial, and logistics sectors, along with the push for smart cities and sustainability, is reshaping the market.
Saudi Arabia’s real estate market was valued at $77.2 billion in 2025 and is projected to grow to $137.8 billion by 2034, with a compound annual growth rate of 6.7 percent from 2026 to 2034, according to IMARC Group.

Lifestyle-focused real estate market 
Saudi Arabia’s real estate landscape has evolved beyond conventional housing. Guided by Vision 2030, it now plays a key role in enhancing quality of life, boosting tourism, and driving economic diversification.
According to Sally Menassa, partner at Arthur D. Little, what stands out today is a clear shift from volume-driven residential supply to lifestyle-led, experience-based development.
“As a result, the lifestyle-focused segment is expected to outperform conventional residential real estate, growing at around 8 percent annually over the next five years. This growth is being driven by changing consumer expectations, population growth, rising incomes, and the scale of public investment shaping new urban environments,” Menassa said.
She added that demand in the Kingdom’s real estate is rising across four key segments: mixed-use districts near urban hubs such as King Salman Park; wellness-focused communities prioritizing walkability and services; coastal living along the Red Sea with branded residences; and heritage-driven districts like Diriyah and Al Balad that blend culture, hospitality, and long-term value.
“Overall, this marks a fundamental shift in the Kingdom. Real estate is no longer an end in itself and about delivering buildings; it is becoming a platform for place-making, economic diversification, and sustained value creation,” the ADL partner explained.
From another perspective, Houssem Jemili, senior partner at Bain and Co. Middle East said: “Saudi’s real estate market is forecast at roughly 7–8 percent CAGR to 2030; ‘lifestyle’ demand is being pulled most by amenity-led mixed-use communities plus higher-spec, greener and wellness-leaning homes.”
A report from PwC Middle East released in 2025 focused on the future of sustainable real estate in Saudi Arabia, and  showed that the sector is shifting toward livability-focused, high-quality urban developments. Giga-projects are driving demand for mixed-use, wellness-focused, and socially connected communities that enhance quality of life.
Imad Shahrouri, cities sector lead partner, consulting, in Riyadh at PwC Middle East said: “By placing livability and human experience at the foundation of its urban agenda, Saudi Arabia is shaping a market where lifestyle-led developments will play an increasingly influential role in driving demand and investment.”

Core lifestyle elements developers are prioritizing  
Saudi developers are shifting from the traditional “build and sell” model to creating integrated lifestyle communities focused on long-term value and everyday living.
Menassa from ADL highlighted that the shift centers on enhancing public spaces — with walkable areas, parks, and wellness facilities — to promote healthier, more social lifestyles, especially for a younger, health-focused population.
“Convenience is also playing a bigger role in shaping residential districts. Schools, childcare centers, clinics, co-working spaces and a wide range of food and beverage options are increasingly located within walking distance of homes, reducing commuting time and making everyday life more efficient and connected,” she said.
The partner added: “Equally important is the role of culture and social activity. Many developments now incorporate cultural venues, entertainment spaces and destination dining, ensuring that neighborhoods remain active throughout the day and week rather than becoming dormant outside working hours.”
Menassa went on to stress that real estate in Saudi Arabia is evolving into a strategic tool for quality of life, tourism, and talent attraction. Driven by Vision 2030, developments now integrate smart infrastructure and global lifestyle standards, while staying rooted in local culture to meet the needs of a young, urban population.

FASTFACT

Driven by Vision 2030, lifestyle-focused developments are set to outperform traditional residential projects, reshaping how people live, work, and connect across the Kingdom.

From Bain’s lens, Jemili said: “Developers are prioritizing livable neighborhoods. Walkability, parks and sport, culture and entertainment access, and everyday convenience, shaped by Vision 2030’s Quality of Life agenda and the 70 percent homeownership-by-2030 push.”
Shahrouri from PwC shed light on how developers in the Kingdom prioritizing livability, wellbeing, and inclusive, community-focused spaces are, aligning with Vision 2030’s push to enhance daily life and promote social integration while reflecting local identity.
“As a result, lifestyle-led elements such as walkable neighborhoods, activated public spaces and integrated community facilities are becoming central to new destinations, ensuring future developments foster more connected, resilient and experience-rich ways of living,” he said.

Regions, cities key hubs for experiential development 
Several Saudi cities are emerging as prominent centers for lifestyle-focused, experiential development, each defined by its unique urban and economic character.
From ADL’s perspective, Riyadh is leading this shift as it positions itself as a global capital. The city is seeing strong demand for integrated, mixed-use districts that support live-work-play lifestyles.
“Developments such as KAFD, Diriyah, and areas surrounding King Salman Park reflect a growing preference for urban living that combines employment, culture, green space, and entertainment in close proximity,” Menassa said.
“Jeddah’s appeal is different, but equally compelling. Its strength lies in its coastal character, historic fabric, and more relaxed urban rhythm. Waterfront regeneration and heritage-led districts, particularly around Al Balad, are driving interest in developments that blend walkability, culture, and sea-facing lifestyles — attracting residents, investors, and tourists alike,” she added.
The partner continued to underline that destination developments along the Red Sea coast focus on sustainable, low-density communities blending hospitality, nature, and residential living, promoting wellness and eco-tourism.
Menassa noted that secondary cities like Abha and AlUla are emerging as hubs for outdoor living, culture, and heritage, supported by government policies and investments. 
These lifestyle-driven districts appeal to residents for livability and job access, and to investors for scale and stability, offering resilience through everyday services and cultural experiences.
From Bain’s side, Jemili explained that Riyadh and Jeddah stand out as the main hubs because they combine jobs, population growth, liquidity and are where “integrated community” formats scale fastest.
“We’re seeing the same in Makkah and Madinah; the focus is shifting from delivering more units to delivering higher-quality development and standards,” he said.
From PwC’s perspective, Shahrouri noted that regions across Saudi Arabia are becoming hubs for lifestyle-driven development, with large-scale regeneration creating sustainable, well-designed environments that enhance urban living and attract global investment.
“Flagship projects are reshaping their surroundings by focusing on the character and feel of place, bringing together community elements, environmental responsibility, and integrated urban design.”

 Their growing appeal comes from the balance they strike between modern infrastructure and a human-centered approach to planning, creating destinations where daily life feels more seamless and connected,” he said.

Next phase of Saudi real estate evolution
The next phase of Saudi Arabia’s real estate evolution is likely to be defined by integration, intelligence, and regeneration.
From ADL’s lens, Menassa explained that  Riyadh is set to feature highly vertical, dense urban environments designed for land efficiency and sustainability, with fully integrated live-work-play ecosystems that reduce commuting, boost productivity, and enhance social cohesion.
“The real shift, however, is toward AI-enabled and data-driven communities, where energy, mobility, and services are actively managed rather than passively consumed. Real estate will increasingly be judged not by how much is sold, but by how well places perform — in terms of livability, productivity, and environmental outcomes,” she said.
The partner noted that Saudi Arabia is boosting private sector involvement, public-private partnerships, and institutional investments to develop public spaces and social infrastructure. The focus is shifting from just constructing cities to designing lifestyles, using real estate as a key driver for economic growth and social transformation.
Jemili from Bain said: “The next phase is more about operating districts like platforms, digital twins, and real-time data to optimize energy, maintenance, mobility, and resident experience, creating tighter live-work-play loops. Rather than ‘building more.’”
From PwC’s side, Saudi Arabia is building a strong foundation for future cities by focusing on resilient, resource-efficient developments and adaptable infrastructure, paving the way for smart, connected urban models like vertical districts and digital neighborhoods.
“These emerging environments are set to respond more naturally to the needs of their communities. As the quality and experience of urban life continue to rise, our cities are poised to become more intelligent, enriching and future ready, evolving with their residents and reflecting the ambition of a nation transforming at pace,” Shahrouri concluded.