AL-HOL, Syria: They survived the Daesh group’s crumbling “caliphate” by a thread, but skeletal babies streaming into this displacement camp in northeastern Syria now face a race against malnutrition.
Truckloads of gaunt women and children fleeing Daesh’s last stand in the Euphrates Valley disembark daily at the Al-Hol camp, including 200 who arrived Thursday.
“They’re just skin and bones when they get here,” Kurdish Red Crescent (KRC) paediatrician Dr. Antar Senno told AFP at a makeshift clinic in Al-Hol.
They have suffered desperate conditions in the last pocket held by Daesh near the village of Baghouz, close to the Iraqi border, with little food, water or medicine.
KRC workers quickly scan the infants — particularly those under a year old — for thin limbs, taut and dried-out skin, or signs of diarrhea, said Senno.
“The team combs the entire reception tent. If they see a case that could be malnutrition, they immediately pull the child aside and put him in an ambulance,” he said.
But the journey does not end there.
Medics at Al-Hol, which has been flooded with more than 25,000 displaced people in recent weeks as military operations ramped up, do not have the capacity to treat severely malnourished children and must send them on to hospitals in the city of Hasakah an hour away.
That makes every moment even more precious, said Senno.
“They’re practically dead when they get here. But if we can catch them and send them to hospital in Hasakah, we can save their lives,” he said.
“It’s not about the same day. It’s about the same minute.”
More than 37,000 people have fled the shrinking Daesh-held enclave in the eastern province of Deir Ezzor as the US-backed Syrian Democratic Forces bear down on the jihadists.
Many walk for days in the desert to reach an SDF-run collection point, where they are screened, provided with some food and water and loaded into trucks for the hours-long journey north to Al-Hol.
But that desert odyssey can be deadly — at least 35 newborns and infants have died either en route to the camp or just after they arrive, according to the United Nations.
One camp worker told AFP he saw women tumble out of trucks cradling lifeless babies, not knowing they had died on the road.
Three-month-old Ahmad had a close call, said his Iraqi mother, Istabraq.
“I was breastfeeding while in Baghouz but it wasn’t enough,” the 22-year-old said.
They escaped 20 days ago and were brought to Al-Hol.
“He was in really bad shape so, when we arrived here in the camp, they took him straight from the reception area to the hospital,” she told AFP inside her tent.
She was allowed to accompany him to Hasakah for the day but has not been authorized to return.
Authorities at Al-Hol have imposed tight security measures amid fears jihadists could be posing as fleeing civilians.
“If they could let me out, I just want to breastfeed him once,” she said.
Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) can be life-threatening for children, particularly infants who could literally waste away.
Across war-ravaged Syria, 18,700 children under five are suffering from SAM, according to the World Food Programme.
The KRC told AFP it had transferred dozens of SAM cases from Al-Hol to Hasakah in recent weeks, including 29 currently being treated there.
But infants can become malnourished even after they arrive at Al-Hol, said the Mar Ephraem medical charity, which operates a children’s clinic in Al-Hol.
Women streamed into the clinic on Thursday, placing sniffling infants on a measuring board then on a small scales to check if they were stunted or underweight.
“If they are suffering from chronic diarrhea and dehydration, we send them to the hospital immediately,” said nurse Marah Al-Sheikhi.
“It’s extremely urgent. If you’re an hour late, that makes a difference to a malnourished child,” she told AFP.
On Thursday, Mar Ephraem ordered one baby’s emergency transfer to the hospital.
Three-month-old Yaqin had arrived in Al-Hol over a week ago, carried by her mother, Shamaa.
“We’ve been here 10 days but her weight keeps going down, not up. She has diarrhea and is vomiting,” said Shamaa, 23, pacing anxiously as she waited for an ambulance to Hasakah.
“Now I found out she has severe malnutrition. I’m so scared for her,” she said, cradling Yaqin, who was so weak she was not even crying.
Barely alive after Daesh, Syrian babies haunted by malnutrition
Barely alive after Daesh, Syrian babies haunted by malnutrition
- Medics at Al-Hol, which has been flooded with more than 25,000 displaced people in recent weeks, do not have the capacity to treat severely malnourished children
- Across war-ravaged Syria, 18,700 children under five are suffering from sever acute malnutrition
Women main victims of Sudan conflict abuses: minister to AFP
- Khalifa said sexual violence has been reported on both sides, but she insisted it is “systematic” among the RSF
- Her ministry has documented more than 1,800 rapes between April 2023 and October 2025
PORT SUDAN: Women are the main victims of abuse in Sudan’s war, facing “the world’s worst” sexual violence and other crimes committed with impunity, a rights activist turned social affairs minister for the army-backed government told AFP.
The Sudanese army and the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF) have been locked in a brutal conflict since April 2023 that has killed tens of thousands of people, displaced around 11 million and been marked by widespread sexual violence.
Sulaima Ishaq Al-Khalifa said abuses against women routinely accompanied looting and attacks, with reports of rape often perpetrated as “the family witnessed” the crime.
“There is no age limit. A woman of 85 could be raped, a child of one year could be raped,” the trained psychologist told AFP at her home in Port Sudan.
The longtime women’s rights activist, recently appointed to the government, said that women were also being subjected to sexual slavery and trafficked to neighboring countries, alongside forced marriages arranged to avoid shame.
Khalifa said sexual violence has been reported on both sides, but she insisted it is “systematic” among the RSF, who she says use it “as a weapon of war” and for the purposes of “ethnic cleansing.”
Her ministry has documented more than 1,800 rapes between April 2023 and October 2025 — a figure that does not include atrocities documented in western Darfur and the neighboring Kordofan region from late October onwards.
“It’s about... humiliating people, forcing them to leave their houses and places and cities. And also breaking... the social fabrics,” Khalifa said.
“When you are using sexual violence as a weapon of war, that means you want to extend... the war forever,” because it feeds a “sense of revenge,” she added.
- ‘War crimes’ -
A report by the SIHA Network, an activist group that documents abuses against women in the Horn of Africa, found that more than three-quarters of recorded cases involved rape, with 87 percent attributed to the RSF.
The United Nations has repeatedly raised alarm over what it describes as targeted attacks on non?Arab communities in Darfur, while the International Criminal Court (ICC) has opened a formal investigation into “war crimes” by both sides.
Briefing the UN Security Council in mid-January, ICC deputy prosecutor Nazhat Shameem Khan said investigators had uncovered evidence of an “organized, calculated campaign” in El-Fasher — the army’s last stronghold in Darfur captured by the RSF in late October.
The campaign, Khan added, involved mass rapes and executions “on a massive scale,” sometimes “filmed and celebrated” by the perpetrators and “fueled by a sense of complete impunity.”
Darfur endured a brutal wave of atrocities in the early 2000s, and a former Janjaweed commander — from the militia structure that later evolved into the RSF — was recently found guilty by the International Criminal Court of multiple war crimes, including rape.
“What’s happening now is much more ugly. Because the mass rape thing is happening and documented,” said Khalifa.
RSF fighters carrying out the assaults “have been very proud about doing this and they don’t see it as a crime,” she added.
“You feel that they have a green light to do whatever they want.”
In Darfur, several survivors said RSF fighters “have been accusing them of being lesser people, like calling them ‘slaves’, and saying that when I’m attacking you, assaulting you sexually, I’m actually ‘honoring’ you, because I am more educated than you, or (of) more pure blood than you.”
- ‘Torture operation’ -
Women in Khartoum and Darfur, including El-Fasher, have described rapes carried out by a range of foreign nationals.
These were “mercenaries from West Africa, speaking French, including from Mali, Burkina Faso, Nigeria, Chad, as well as Colombia and Libya” — allegedly fighting alongside the RSF, Khalifa added.
Some victims were abducted and held as sexual slaves, while others were sold through trafficking networks operating across Sudan’s porous borders, said Khalifa.
Many of these cases remain difficult to document because of the collapse of state institutions.
In conservative communities, social stigma also remains a major obstacle to documenting the scale of the abuse.
Families often force victims into marriage to “cover up what happened,” particularly when pregnancies result from rape, according to the minister.
“We call it a torture operation,” she said, describing “frightening” cases in which children and adolescent girls under 18 are forced into marriage.
