Indonesian prison conditions leading to bribery of wardens

This picture taken on July 22, 2018 shows Indonesian officials standing near home appliances that were collected from inmates at the Sukamiskin jail in Bandung. (AFP / TIMUR MATAHAR)
Updated 28 July 2018
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Indonesian prison conditions leading to bribery of wardens

  • Jail guards are susceptible to bribery due to low salaries and a lack of power when dealing with well-connected inmates
  • Indonesia’s criminal justice system, which considers incarceration the only correctional method, partly to blame

JAKARTA: Substandard conditions and overcrowding in Indonesian prisons are leading inmates to bribe wardens to move into luxury cells, or to be able to create their own.

“Prison conditions impel inmates who can afford it to make their cells more bearable or comfortable,” Anggara Suwahju, executive director of the Jakarta-based Institute for Criminal Justice Reform, told Arab News on Friday.

Wardens are susceptible to bribery due to low salaries and a lack of power when dealing with well-connected politicians and high-ranking government officials convicted of crimes, said Ali Aranoval, director of the Center for Detention Studies.

Last week, a head warden and his subordinate at Sukamiskin prison in the city of Bandung were arrested for allegedly accepting bribes from inmates who wanted to occupy a cell with relatively luxurious amenities.

Footage recorded by officers of the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) during the arrest showed a cell fitted with air-conditioning, a flat-screen TV, a private washroom with a water heater and shower, and a small kitchen with a sink and refrigerator.

KPK Deputy Chairman Laode Muhammad Syarif said the arrest confirmed rumors of cells “for sale.”

The KPK also found that inmates could pay to have longer visiting hours, keep smartphones and conduct business from inside the prison, he added.

“Sukamiskin is a very high-profile prison, and it provides a general picture of all prisons in Indonesia,” Syarif said. Two convicts were arrested for allegedly bribing wardens to get special treatment.

Aranoval said part of the problem is Indonesia’s criminal justice system, which considers incarceration the only correctional method, resulting in overcrowded prisons.

Meanwhile, the government is unable to establish prisons with basic minimum treatment for inmates, he added.

“Institutionalizing inmates is meant to confine them, but they shouldn’t be deprived of their basic rights,” he told Arab News.

 Wardens are often powerless, and have to follow orders from the top when handling politically connected convicts, Aranoval said. “But when preferential treatment is exposed, wardens are the first to get blamed,” he added.


Philippines seeks to regain Chinese visitors as arrivals lag behind regional rivals

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Philippines seeks to regain Chinese visitors as arrivals lag behind regional rivals

  • 262,000 Chinese tourists visited Philippines in 2025, compared to 1.7m in 2019
  • Vietnam is top destination for Chinese travelers, with about 4.8m visitors this year

MANILLA: The Philippines is trailing behind other countries in Southeast Asia in winning back Chinese tourists, with arrivals well below a quarter of pre-pandemic levels so far this year, latest data showed.

Known for its white sandy beaches, famous diving spots and diverse culture, the Philippines was welcoming an increasing number of Chinese tourists in the period before the pandemic, with the number peaking at over 1.7 million in 2019, when it was the second-largest source market after South Korea. 

But the post-pandemic rebound has been slow, with China ranking sixth among international arrivals and the number of Chinese visitors reaching only 262,000 as of Dec. 20, according to data from the Philippine Department of Tourism.

“China remains one of the country’s largest and most important source markets,” the tourism department said earlier this week.

Chinese arrivals this year are equivalent to only around 15 percent of the numbers in 2019 and there is stiff competition with regional rivals like Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore and Indonesia each welcoming at least 1 million tourists from China in 2025.

Vietnam has become Chinese travelers’ top travel destination in Southeast Asia with around 4.8 million visitors so far this year, followed by Thailand, which has recorded about 4.36 million.

China is Singapore’s top source market, with nearly 3 million visitors as of November.

To attract more visitors from China, the Philippines reintroduced electronic visas for Chinese travelers in November, after suspending the system for two years.

“The eVisa resumption is a critical step forward and a clear signal that the Philippines is open, ready, and eager to welcome our Chinese friends,” said Ireneo Reyes, the tourism attache to China.

“While the timing meant that its full benefits could not be felt within the peak booking periods of 2025, we expect a more visible impact beginning the first quarter of 2026.” 

The Philippine tourism department said that “recovery has also been constrained by reduced flight capacity, with China-Philippines routes operating at only about 45 percent of pre-pandemic levels,” adding that officials were working closely with relevant stakeholders to “rebuild connectivity and confidence.”

Tourism is an important sector in the Philippine economy, according to a report by the ASEAN+3 Macroeconomic Research Office, accounting for about 13.2 percent of the country’s gross domestic product last year and making up around 13.8 percent of its labor force.