MADINAH: The color green covered the city of Madinah in preparation for the Kingdom’s 87th National Day.
Public gardens were cleaned and readied to receive Saudis celebrating this great day.
Some governmental buildings, roads, streets, trees, bridges and even tunnels were decorated with green flags and lights. The story of delivering the city of Madinah to the founder, King Abdul Aziz bin Abdulrahman, is also in the spotlight.
On the occasion of the 87th Saudi National Day, which is celebrated everywhere in the Kingdom, a scholar specialized in Islamic history, Fouad Al-Maghamisi, told Arab News how Madinah was peacefully delivered to the founder king.
Months after the siege of Madinah had passed with only a few small clashes, some people began calling for negotiations and reconciliation. The leaders of the city gathered to find a solution to the crisis with the Saudis.
Some conditions were imposed. One of the most important was to negotiate with King Abdul Aziz and deliver the city of Madinah safe and ready, to one of his sons. They decided to let one of the city’s traders, Mustafa Abdulaal, a neutral man who had relations with traders from Qasim, carry out the mission. Abdulaal secretly left Madinah, and headed to King Abdul Aziz’s camp in Bahrah.
The conditions of Al-Sharif Shehat for delivering Madinah to King Abdul Aziz were to guarantee the safety of its residents; that they wouldn’t be punished for the clashes that had happened; and that Madinah would be delivered to one of the sons of King Abdul Aziz.
King Abdul Aziz accepted the conditions and gave an order to his son Prince Mohammed to head to Madinah with the messenger Abdulaal. Thus, Prince Mohammed arrived in Madinah on November 9, 1925, accompanied by his father’s household and 200 men.
Despite a last-minute hesitation, the leaders of Madinah gathered and decided to deliver the leadership of Madinah to Prince Mohammed. The leader Abdul Majid Pasha mandated one of his officers to speak with one of the Saudi force leaders and ask him to deliver an important message to Prince Mohammed.
However, Abdul Majid Pasha surprised everyone by showing up to see the prince personally and discuss the conditions. They decided to deliver Madinah to the prince the following morning. Everyone waited and longed for the new era of Prince Mohammed, the first prince of Madinah city.
Al-Maghamisi noted that, since that day, Madinah has become a modern city that advocates for development in all fields. The first step the prince took was to expand the Prophet’s Mosque, but the work of maintenance and rehabilitation was not finished until after he died. The expansion work was supervised by King Saud bin Abdul Aziz.
As for the administrative field, King Abdul Aziz appointed an advisory board and inspection commissions that had a big role in developing and regulating Madinah’s affairs back then.
Madinah has developed much since then and continues to witness many new developments — the construction of roads, serving pilgrims, establishment of the Madinah airport. The population has also grown in the city that became a main attraction for people seeking jobs, education and other services.
Madinah continued to be, in the ensuing years, an economically booming city with development projects continuing until the present, under the reign of King Salman.
Madinah prepares for KSA’s 87th National Day
Madinah prepares for KSA’s 87th National Day
How AI is expanding access for Saudi Arabia’s deaf community
- Real-time transcription, language tools and AI assistants are reshaping communication
DID YOU KNOW
DHAHRAN: On a recent evening in Dhahran, about 20 members of the local deaf community gathered, their hands moving swiftly through the air like conductors guiding intricate symphonies.
The event was organized by Riyadh-based awareness advocate Mohammad Alfayez, known on social media as “Prince Mohami.”
Alfayez is a Cued Speech user — a communication method that pairs mouth movements with hand signals to clarify spoken language for people who are deaf. He uses a cochlear implant, a surgically implanted device that bypasses the inner ear and sends sound signals directly to the auditory nerve. Multilingual, he is fluent in American Sign Language, Arabic Sign Language, and spoken and written English and Arabic.
After spending more than a decade in the US, Alfayez moved back to his hometown of Riyadh last Ramadan. Since then, artificial intelligence has become what he describes as a lifeline.
“ChatGPT helped me be more independent. I used to have to ask my little nieces: ‘Can you call for me,’ but I want to be independent. I’m over 18,” Alfayez said.
He believes Saudi Arabia’s rapid embrace of AI could significantly expand access to essential services for the deaf community, building on systems already common in the US.
“We need help with services — in hospitals, police stations, embassies — it is much more common in the US to go to a coffee shop and they would be able to sign with you because they learned it in school. You know, ASL is offered in high school and college in the US. Here in Saudi, we have French, English and other languages, why not include sign language? There are places that teach it but they are a few and limited.”
The demand is considerable.
According to the Kingdom’s 2022 disability census, approximately 84,000 people in Saudi Arabia have hearing impairments, accounting for 5.1 percent of people with disabilities.
Among those working to support the community is educator Abdulrahman Khalid, who also attended the gathering.
“I use AI daily because I teach deaf students here in Dammam,” Khalid told Arab News.
DID YOU KNOW?
• Saudi Arabia’s SAMAI initiative has trained over 1 million people in AI skills since its launch in 2024.
• At Saudi Aramco, a pilot program is exploring how AI can better support deaf employees in the workplace.
• Most teachers of deaf students in Saudi Arabia are not deaf themselves — and deaf educators remain rare.
“Sometimes, students cannot understand context because of the way the traditional news is written. In that case, they use programs like ChatGPT and say, ‘Explain this news to me.’ This helps them understand it better.”
Written language presents another hurdle, as many students with hearing impairment struggle with sentence structure and grammar.
“Using these programs helps them form sentences ‘properly’ in daily conversations. For example, a deaf student might write: ‘Today I go place…restaurant…coffee…’ You’ll notice the sentence has missing words. But with ChatGPT, they can write, ‘Correct this sentence so it becomes complete.’ Then they can use it in conversations, such as on WhatsApp,” he said.
Part of this linguistic gap stems from the fact that most teachers of students with hearing impairment are not deaf themselves — something that distinguishes Khalid.
“I am only one of a few deaf teachers who teaches the deaf in Saudi Arabia,” he said.
The shortage is partly due to strict qualification requirements for teaching roles, including licensing exams with written components that can be significantly more challenging for deaf candidates.
Another attendee, Khalid Al-Zahrani, brings both corporate and academic experience to the conversation. Fluent in ASL, he has worked at Saudi Aramco for three years within a division focused on AI-driven product innovation. He is currently involved in a pilot program exploring how artificial intelligence can better support deaf employees within the company.
Al-Zahrani earned a degree in ASL from Gallaudet University, a private institution founded in 1864 in Washington, DC, that specializes in education for deaf and hard-of-hearing students.
As AI has advanced rapidly in recent years, he has observed shifting attitudes toward the technology — though adoption within the deaf community remains inconsistent.
“Some people in the deaf community are scared of AI, to be honest, they are not fully aware of how to use AI, but we are dragging them to get involved with AI. Instead of hiring an interpreter, we can ‘hire a technology’ that can translate or give us a better understanding,” Al-Zahrani told Arab News.
While Saudi Aramco is developing internal AI tools, he hopes Arabic Sign Language will eventually be integrated into future systems as more qualified specialists enter the field. Such developments could lower costs while making communication faster and more accessible.
Another Gallaudet alumna, AlHanouf AlHenaki, who divides her time between Riyadh and Washington, DC, joined the discussion remotely.
Opinion
This section contains relevant reference points, placed in (Opinion field)
“As a deaf woman, I see AI as an empowering tool that enables me to participate, understand and make decisions confidently in predominantly hearing work environments,” she wrote to Arab News.
She also advocates for stronger deaf representation in the design and development of emerging technologies.
“I use AI-powered tools like real-time transcription apps, speech-to-text services, and translation assistants. These tools help me communicate both within the deaf community and with hearing colleagues,” she said.
She expressed particular enthusiasm for one widely used platform.
“ChatGPT is perfect the way it is!” she said.
According to the Ministry of Education, the SAMAI initiative, launched in 2024, has trained more than 1 million Saudis in AI-related skills.
As AI adoption accelerates across the Kingdom, advocates say expanding accessible technologies — including Arabic Sign Language recognition and real-time translation tools — will be critical to ensuring that the deaf community remains fully included in Saudi Arabia’s digital transformation.
