NEW YORK: When US entrepreneur Bharath Rao looked around for the best place to raise money for his crypto-currency derivatives trading business, the US did not make his list. Instead he chose the East African island nation of the Seychelles to sell the trading platform’s tokens.
Rao, a San Diego-based technology veteran who has worked for major Wall Street banks, is not alone.
Confronted with national regulators’ intensifying scrutiny of digital currency fund-raising, known as initial coin offerings, many entrepreneurs are moving businesses to locations more welcoming to crypto-currencies and known for low taxes.
Dozens of start-ups have flocked to Singapore, Switzerland, Eastern Europe and the Caribbean this year, according to interviews with entrepreneurs and company registration data made available to Reuters.
Like bitcoin, the best-known crypto-currency created in 2009, the coins use encryption and a blockchain transaction database enabling fast and anonymous transfer of funds without centralized payment systems.
The numbers compiled by crypto-currency research firm Smith + Crown show how national regulators’ attempts to curb coin sales may just shift business elsewhere.
The US leads with 34 digital currency start-up registrations so far this year, but that reflects Silicon Valley’s role as a technology hub and the depth of US financial markets rather than a welcoming regulatory climate.
Singapore registered 21 entities, up from one in 2016, followed by 19 in Switzerland, up from three last year, according to Smith + Crown. Central Europe saw 14 companies registered this year, compared with one in 2016, and the Caribbean hosted 10, up from two last year.
“The data affirms our sense that Switzerland and Singapore remain go-to locations, but the US could remain for companies raising large amounts of money,” said Matt Chwierut, Smith + Crown’s research director.
Switzerland does not have specific rules on digital coin sales, but some parts of an offer may fall under existing regulations, the Swiss Financial Market Supervisory Authority (FINMA) said in September.
So far, four of the five largest token sales, raising a total of over $600 million, were carried out by firms registered in Zug, a low-tax region south of Zurich known as the “crypto-valley” of the world.
In contrast, China and South Korea banned digital coin sales this year and regulators in the US, Malaysia, Dubai, UK and Germany warned investors that current scant oversight exposed them to risks of fraud, hacking or theft.
Soaring registrations in “friendly” jurisdictions show how hard it is for national watchdogs to regulate digital coin sales. It is a challenge regulators are beginning to recognize.
“We are talking to other regulators, and we know that there are a lot of bilateral discussions taking place,” the Dubai Financial Services Authority told Reuters.
The US Securities Exchange Commission declined to comment about the migration of coin issuers to remote jurisdictions.
The UK’s Financial Conduct Authority and Securities Commission Malaysia reiterated their stance that digital coin sales are high-risk, speculative investments and that retail investors should be aware of that.
A spokesman for Germany’s Federal Financial Supervisory Authority (BaFin) told Reuters “hopping” within the European Union would be “largely futile” since the EU supervisory authority has adopted the same stance as BaFin on the issue.
The Dubai regulator pointed out that seeking out friendly jurisdictions was not unusual, but regulators still needed to warn about the inherent risks in digital coin sales.
Financial regulators from South Korea and China were not immediately available for comment.
In the US, the SEC’s July 25 ruling that digital coins should be regulated as securities had a short-lived chilling effect on the crypto-currency market. Short-lived, because many US startups thought they could avoid such scrutiny by selling “utility tokens,” which gave buyers access to products or services rather than a stake in the company.
Still, concerns that regulators’ views might evolve have made potential US coin issuers consider sales overseas.
“Our lawyers certainly think regulations on utility tokens could change. So for safety, the ICO should be done outside the US,” said Arran Stewart, co-founder of Job.com, an online employment platform which plans a token offering in the Cayman Islands in February.
In fact, out of 15 start-ups interviewed by Reuters, only one, Airfox, sold digital tokens in the US, raising $15 million last month. Others have either carried out a coin sale overseas or are planning one.
Rao, who started Leverj, a decentralized crypto-currency futures trading platform, said he picked the Seychelles for fund-raising because of its openness to crypto-currencies.
“It has not issued anything negative on crypto,” Rao said.
Digital coin sales soared to about $3.6 billion by mid-November, compared with just over $100 million in the whole of 2016, according to Autonomous NEXT, which tracks technology in the financial services industry. Typically, issuers publish a “white paper” describing their business plan and the news of new coin sales spread via online forums and websites tracking new offers. Investors pay for them with bitcoins or ether — two most widely accepted crypto-currencies — via a company’s website.
The ease with which start-ups can raise millions of dollars with little scrutiny in as little as minutes has alarmed regulators, but without a unified approach they hold little sway over that new funding market.
“It’s very difficult for governments to work together in any organized fashion,” said Lewis Cohen, a partner at Hogan Lovells in New York, which has a team of lawyers specializing in blockchain.
“Different jurisdictions will look at token sales through different lenses and it would be very difficult to get on a completely harmonized place.” Nimble and lightly-regulated crypto-currency companies can straddle borders with ease.
For example, BANKEX, which aims to convert illiquid assets into tokens to be traded on its crypto-currency platform, is registered in Delaware and plans a coin offering in the Cayman Islands this month, said the company’s CEO, Igor Khmel.
Hogan Lovell’s Cohen said that while it would be foolish to shut token sales down, they should be regulated, or self-regulated.
“We may need to have some guard rails,” he said.
“I don’t think it’s really fair for legitimate platforms that are trying to create new and innovative business models to be thrown in with other less scrupulous parties who may see token sales as a way of making a fast buck.”
— REUTERS
Crypto-currency crackdown spreads from Dubai to London
Crypto-currency crackdown spreads from Dubai to London
Budget deficit is ‘intentional’ to ensure sustainable development
- ‘As long as deficit is directed toward productive expenses, it is acceptable,’ says Al-Jadaan
RIYADH: Saudi Finance Minister Mohammed Al-Jadaan on Tuesday said the Kingdom is intentionally running a budget deficit to achieve its development goals.
The Finance Ministry announced the quarterly budget performance report on Sunday. As per the report, the Kingdom posted a deficit of SR12.4 billion ($3.3 billion) in Q1, marking the sixth consecutive quarterly deficit with revenues amounting to SR293.4 billion and expenditures hitting a record SR305.8 billion.
“We’re intentionally running a sustainable deficit for economic development, contrasting with mandatory borrowing in some nations for essential but unproductive expenses,” the minister told Al-Eqtisadiyah in an interview.
He said the deficit is not merely a consequence but an attempt to achieve development goals. The minister said the government prioritizes spending to accelerate the implementation of its development strategies and projects.
Al-Jadaan also shed light on the overall situation of the global economy and how Saudi Arabia’s prudent fiscal policies have supported growth and enhanced the Kingdom’s resilience in dealing with changes.
HIGHLIGHTS
Efforts are underway to attract domestic and foreign investments that stimulate economic growth and contribute to reducing the budget deficit.
Strategic spending has a multiplier effect on the economy, like creating jobs and enhancing trade through infrastructure investments.
Saudi Arabia is committed to optimizing government expenditures by directing them toward promising strategies.
Regarding the budget deficit and its potential impact on the economy, he reassured citizens that managing the budget deficit is a top priority.
The minister clarified that as long as the deficit is directed toward productive expenses, the government views it as acceptable, as it generates economic returns that exceed the cost of debt.
Highlighting sustainable financial policies, Al-Jadaan cited the government’s efforts to reduce its reliance on oil revenues by diversifying sources of income.
He said non-oil revenues made up 38 percent of the total income in 2023, compared to 9 percent in 2015. The minister said the ratio of non-oil revenues to covering expenditure ceilings was about 17 percent in 2015 and surged to reach 35 percent in 2023.
Al-Jadaan said: “Financial policies can enhance financial inclusion and access to funding, both vital for supporting entrepreneurship, small and medium-sized enterprises, and innovation. This contributes to achieving the goals of Saudi Vision 2030, which has succeeded in unprecedented achievements across various sectors.”
He also addressed the efficiency of government spending and its pivotal role in fostering economic development and bolstering economic resilience.
“We are committed to optimizing government expenditures by directing them toward promising strategies aimed at diversifying the economic base,” the official added.
He said by the end of 2023, total government spending had reached approximately SR1.29 trillion, reflecting continued progress in implementing initiatives and structural reforms.
These initiatives include regional and sectoral strategies supportive of structural transformation for comprehensive sectoral development and economic diversification, Al-Jadaan added.
Moreover, the finance minister revealed that active efforts are underway to attract both domestic and foreign investments that stimulate economic growth and contribute to reducing the budget deficit.
Commenting on the impact of strategic spending on the national economy, he said it “involves directing and allocating financial resources toward specific goals and priorities that align with long-term economic objectives.”
This is achieved by strategically guiding funds, enabling governments and institutions to stimulate economic growth and development, foster innovation, and enhance productivity, he explained.
The minister went on to say that for instance, investments in additional industrial zones, expanding ports’ capacities, and investing in roads have led to significant growth in industrial investments and logistics services, creating business opportunities and employment for many citizens.
“This supports economic activity and raises the non-oil gross domestic product, thereby increasing non-oil revenues and covering additional debt costs,” he added.
Al-Jadaan said that strategic spending has a multiplier effect on the economy, like creating jobs and enhancing trade through infrastructure investments.
The minister also highlighted Saudi Arabia’s remarkable international presence over the past seven years.
He emphasized that Saudi Vision 2030 has positioned the Kingdom as a preferred and leading destination worldwide.
Al-Jadaan explained: “The foreign direct investment as a percentage of GDP reached 2.4 percent, which stimulated economic growth and bolstered the Kingdom’s competitiveness in the global market, leading it to advance seven positions to become one of the top 20 countries in the Global Competitiveness Report for the year 2023.”
Additionally, Saudi Arabia participated in regional economic integration initiatives, strengthened close economic relations with neighboring countries, and capitalized on regional markets to achieve mutual benefits.
“The Ministry of Finance has undertaken the task of enhancing international cooperation in financial policies through fostering international economic and trade partnerships, exchanging expertise, and promoting development at both regional and global levels,” the minister said.
Al-Jadaan emphasized Saudi Arabia’s commitment to promoting international dialogue. “We take pride in the Kingdom’s strong relations with international organizations, believing in the importance of international cooperation to achieve development, enhance peace and international security, promote human rights, combat climate change, and foster economic collaboration.”
Saudi Arabia chaired the G20 meetings, the most important global economic forum, in 2020 and effectively managed global consensus on addressing the COVID-19 pandemic.
He emphasized that the Kingdom has presented initiatives that are still being implemented globally, including the Debt Service Suspension Initiative for the benefit of poor countries, further enhancing its international standing.
Moreover, Saudi Arabia won the bid to host the 2030 International Expo, further solidifying its international position. The Kingdom’s nominees also secured victories in several international organizations.
In terms of financial and monetary policy, Saudi Arabia’s recent successes and its active participation in local, regional, and international events led the IMF to choose the Kingdom to chair the International Monetary and Financial Committee.
“This reflects the close and long-standing relationship between the two sides, affirming the Kingdom’s commitment to actively participate in shaping and implementing international financial and economic policies,” Al-Jadaan added.
The minister highlighted the IMF’s Riyadh-based regional office and said: “The opening of the IMF’s regional office in Riyadh is a strategic move that reflects the Kingdom’s commitment to enhancing international cooperation and promoting economic stability at the regional level.”
Saudi Arabia’s green energy shift could slash electricity costs by $30bn annually by 2030: S&P Global executive
RIYADH: Saudi Arabia’s transition from oil power to renewable energy could reduce annual electricity costs by $30 billion by 2030, according to a senior S&P Global executive.
Speaking during a panel session at the 2024 Saudi Arabia Capital Markets Conference hosted by the firm in Riyadh, Director of Infrastructure and Project Finance Ratings Sofia Bensaid highlighted the Kingdom’s ambitious targets of 50 percent renewable electricity by 2030 and net zero emissions by 2060.
While Bensaid believes the target is achievable, she raised concerns regarding implementation, as the plan requires adding more than 20 gigawatts of renewables annually until 2030, totaling 130 GW in six years.
“Now in terms of CapEx (capital expenditure), we expect the whole rebuilding agenda to cost approximately $86 billion and will aim at replacing the entire oil-fired power fleet. But it’s very important to keep in mind that this $86 billion bill is raised by developers on a project finance scheme and hence does not sit on the government balance sheet,” Bensaid said.
She added: “Once this 130 GW is reached, the Kingdom’s annual electricity bill will reduce by approximately $30 billion.”
During the same panel, Director of Corporate Ratings at S&P Global Rawan Oueidat explained that national oil companies in the region are expected to maintain high capital expenditures but with modest growth compared to 2022-23 levels.
“We estimate that in aggregate, the region and national oil companies will be spending somewhere around $110-$115 billion annually, on average, at least until 2026,” Oueidat said.
However, recent capacity expansion pauses, like those in Saudi Arabia, raise concerns about cash flow visibility, especially for oilfield service companies.
This could translate into higher credit metrics for the oilfield service companies in Saudi Arabia.
Furthermore, the conference shed light on the Kingdom’s dual focus on non-oil divisions and renewable energy initiatives.
Government investments are driving expansions in non-oil sectors, which are expected to continue below the 5 percent growth rate.
Fields like tourism, consumer products, healthcare, and telecom are thriving, supported by demographic trends and favorable oil prices.
“They will continue to be fueled by public investments, but they’re also supported by mega trends as well in Saudi Arabia, such as population growth,” said Tatjana Lescova, associate director of corporate ratings at S&P Global, adding that S&P Global’s expectations are “relatively favorable, and the oil price is also helping, of course.”
She went on to say that sectors that are consumer driven “will continue to thrive,” adding: “Consumer spending is growing, it’s expanding, but relatively limited inflation levels compared to some other parts of the world are also helping the rest of our competitive pressures.”
Lescova further explained the positive outlook for various sectors in Saudi Arabia, such as consumer-driven industries like healthcare, which are thriving due to growing spending trends and relatively low inflation rates.
“But overall attraction is very positive. (The) healthcare sector will benefit from the positive population demographic dynamic, and there’s also widespread requirements of mandatory insurance across the region and Saudi Arabia as well,” she stated.
Lescova also flagged up the telecom sector as “performing really well over the past few years,” adding: “The telecom companies continue to invest in 5G infrastructure that boasts mobile data consumption, and in addition to this, they are also developing a lot of digital nontoken businesses.”
Additionally, during another panel session, Director of Sovereign Ratings at S&P Global Zahabia Gupta underlined Saudi Arabia’s ambitious Vision 2030 plan for substantial social and economic transformation.
She noted that the significant costs associated with various large-scale projects under this vision are estimated to be around a trillion dollars or more.
“As we get closer to 2030, we expect that PIF and the government will ramp up debt issuance for the implementation of these projects. We did an exercise to forecast public finances for Saudi Arabia until 2030,” Gupta said.
She added: “What we see right now is that total PIF and government debt issuances will come to about $250 billion from 2024 to 2030, that comes to about $35 billion of annual issuance. That’s quite a large absolute number, especially when you consider that most of this funding will be done through external (sources).”
Despite the substantial debt issuance, Gupta noted that Saudi Arabia will remain in a “comfortable” net asset position of around 47 percent of gross domestic product by 2027, adding: “Even by 2030, it would be about 30 percent of GDP.”
With support from PIF, this projection reflects that the government will only implement a portion of Vision 2030, while other entities, such as the private sector and foreign investors, will also contribute.
According to S&P Global’s latest report on May 6, the Saudi government’s assets are forecasted to remain strong amid steady economic diversification efforts aimed at reducing the Kingdom’s dependence on oil.
The increasing debt issuance to fund Vision 2030 projects may exert pressure on Saudi Arabia’s net asset position until the end of the decade.
However, the Kingdom will mitigate this impact through its prudent fiscal policies.
“S&P Global Ratings expects that growing debt issuance to finance Vision 2030 projects could pressure the sovereign’s fiscal metrics. In our base case, however, we expect the government’s net asset position will deteriorate but remain strong,” stated the credit-rating agency.
It added: “The ramp-up in fiscal deficits and debt could weaken the government’s balance sheet far sooner than returns on investment will accrue. Much will depend on the roles that foreign investment, the private sector, and capital markets will play in financing Vision 2030.”
The US-based firm highlighted that the Saudi government will continue to support PIF in various ways, including funding essential infrastructure for mega and giga-project sites.
Closing Bell: TASI edges down to close at 12,357 points
RIYADH: Saudi Arabia’s Tadawul All Share Index dipped on Tuesday, losing 14.51 points, or 0.12 percent, to close at 12,357.99.
The total trading turnover of the benchmark index was SR7.03 billion ($1.87 billion) as 70 of the listed stocks advanced, while 150 retreated.
Similarly, the MSCI Tadawul Index decreased by 1.42 points, or 0.09 percent, to close at 1,547.71.
The Kingdom’s parallel market Nomu slipped by 49.36 points, or 0.18 percent, to close at 26,741.64. This comes as 24 of the listed stocks advanced while as many as 28 retreated.
The best-performing stock of the day was Batic Investments and Logistics Co., whose share price surged by 6.36 percent to SR3.51.
Other top performers include Development Works Food Co. Ltd and Electrical Industries Co., whose share prices soared 5.42 percent and 4.97 percent to SR128.40 and SR5.70, respectively.
Other top performers include Saudi Co. for Hardware and Zahrat Al Waha for Trading Co.
The worst performer was Saudi Real Estate Co., whose share price dropped by 7.61 percent to SR22.34.
Other worst performers were Al-Baha Investment and Development Co. as well as Americana Restaurants International PLC, whose share prices dropped by 7.14 percent and 5.07 percent to stand at SR0.13 and SR3.18, respectively.
Additional poor performers include United Cooperative Assurance Co. and AlSaif Stores for Development and Investment Co.
On the announcements front, Americana Restaurants International PLC announced its interim financial results for the period ending on March 31, with revenues amounting to SR1.85 million, down from SR2.21 million in the corresponding period in 2023.
The company attributed the 16.3 percent decline to lower like-for-like sales due to ongoing geopolitical tensions in the region, as well as reduced sales volumes in March due to shifts in consumer behavior during Ramadan.
Net profits also decreased by 51.8 percent to reach SR105,090 in the first three months of 2024 compared to SR217,984 in the same period last year.
According to a statement by the company on Tadawul, this decrease was attributed to lower sales due to the geopolitical situation and the onset of Ramadan, as well as higher depreciation charges and rent expenses on account of new store openings during the period.
Saudi Real Estate Co. also announced its financial results for the same period, with revenues surging by 8.8 percent to reach SR427.6 million, compared to SR393 million in 2023.
The increase was primarily driven by a 28 percent surge in revenues from infrastructure projects, totaling SR56 million, and a 23 percent increase in rental revenue, totaling SR15 million.
However, the company’s net profits decreased in the first quarter of this year to SR2.9 million, marking a 67.4 percent decline compared to the same quarter in 2023.
This decline, as stated in an official Tadawul announcement, was attributed to an increase in cost of revenues resulting in a 13 percent increase, totaling SR34 million, a 14 percent rise in general and administrative expenses amounting to SR5 million, and an increase in finance costs by 14 percent with the amount of SR8 million
Riyadh Air, STA ink deal to launch new routes and destinations
RIYADH: Saudi Arabia’s second flag carrier Riyadh Air will soon announce more routes and destinations thanks to a new agreement with the Kingdom’s official tourism body.
The airline, backed by the country’s Public Investment Fund, inked the memorandum of understanding with the Saudi Tourism Authority, at Dubai’s Arabian Travel Market.
According to a statement, Riyadh Air and STA will seek joint sponsorships and will collaborate at global trade shows and events.
The two parties will also work together to offer joint loyalty program schemes with exclusive offers and rewards to benefit guests.
“Increasing Saudi’s connectivity with the world is a key pillar of our tourism strategy and will ensure we sustain our rapid growth and meet our new ambitious target of 150 million visits by 2030,” STA CEO Fahd Hamidaddin said.
“This exciting new partnership with Riyadh Air will support our goals and ensure more visitors can travel to experience the cool mountains, pristine waters and dynamic cities that make Saudi a great year-round destination,” Hamidaddin added.
He added that the firm is currently connected to over 180 destinations and is aiming to triple annual passenger traffic to 330 million by 2030. The CEO also shed light on how as well this new agreement will help propel these efforts.
The new deal will also make airline booking processes simpler due to collaboration on payment solutions.
Riyadh Air CEO Tony Douglas added: “This is another momentous day in the history of Riyadh Air.”
He added: “Working alongside the STA to elevate the travel experience for our guests and those coming to visit the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia signifies what we’re all about.”
He also highlighted that the carrier is working on elevating aviation standards to previously unseen levels.
“We have a shared commitment to travel and tourism in the Kingdom along with our forward-thinking approach to innovation, sustainability, and the satisfaction of our guests,” the CEO concluded.
Earlier this week, Douglas said that the airline has plans to bolster its aircraft lineup through additional orders, as it requires “a very large fleet” to establish itself alongside regional giants.
This move came as the Kingdom’s second flag carrier ordered 39 Boeing 787-9 jets last year, with options for 33 more.
It also aligns well with Saudi Arabia’s goal to expand its aviation industry and attract more tourists, broadening its airline capacity beyond pilgrimage travel, which currently forms the backbone of the country’s inbound tourism.
Clean energy tech investments fueling global economic growth: IEA
RIYADH: Booming investments in clean energy technology are strengthening the global economy by creating new industrial and employment opportunities, a report has outlined.
According to the International Energy Agency, global investment in the manufacturing of five key clean energy technologies – solar photovoltaic, wind, batteries, electrolyzers, and heat pumps – surged by 70 percent year-on-year in 2023 to $200 billion.
The IEA added that investments in clean technology manufacturing are becoming increasingly significant and are beginning to register in broader macroeconomic data.
According to the report, such investments in 2023 accounted for around 0.7 percent of worldwide investment across all sectors of the economy.
“In growth terms, the contribution is even starker — in 2023, clean technology manufacturing alone accounted for around 4 percent of global GDP (gross domestic product) growth and nearly 10 percent of global investment growth,” said the IEA.
Solar PV meets 2030 targets
The analysis revealed that investments in solar PV manufacturing more than doubled last year to $80 billion, while funding in battery production rose by around 60 percent to $100 billion.
Due to the surge in investments, solar PV module manufacturing capacity today is already in line with what is needed in 2030 based on the IEA’s net zero emissions scenario.
Similarly, for battery cells, if announced projects are included, manufacturing capacity is 90 percent of the way toward meeting net zero demand by the end of this decade, the report highlighted.
“Record output from solar PV and battery plants is propelling clean energy transitions — and the strong investment pipeline in new facilities and factory expansions is set to add further momentum in the years ahead,” said IEA Executive Director Fatih Birol.
He added: ‘While greater investment is still needed for some technologies — and clean energy manufacturing could be spread more widely around the globe — the direction of travel is clear.
“Policymakers have a huge opportunity to design industrial strategies with clean energy transitions at their core.”
The IEA also stated that around 40 percent of investments in clean energy manufacturing in 2023 were in facilities that are due to come online in 2024. For batteries, this share rises to 70 percent.
Battery manufacturing grows
Battery manufacturing also had a record year in 2023, with production totaling more than 800 gigawatt-hours, representing a rise of 45 percent from 2022.
The report highlighted that battery capacity additions also surged, with almost 780 GWh of cell manufacturing capacity added in 2023, around a quarter more than the previous year.
“Globally, battery manufacturing capacity could exceed 9 terawatt-hours by 2030 if all announcements are realized. Battery manufacturing deployment needs in 2030,” added the IEA report.
Similarly, new manufacturing capacity for wind and electrolyzers also grew faster in 2023.
According to the agency, the existing capacity for wind could deliver nearly 50 percent of the needs in 2030, while announced projects could meet a further 12 percent.
Meanwhile, capacity additions for heat pump manufacturing slowed due to stagnation in the majority of leading markets. The report added that the existing capacity could deliver only around one-third of the needs required in 2030.
China dominates clean energy
Clean energy manufacturing is still dominated by a few regions, with China home to 80 percent of the global solar PV module production capacity.
The report highlighted that the manufacturing of battery cells could become less geographically concentrated by the end of this decade if all announced projects are materialized.
After conducting plant-level assessments of more than 750 facilities, the IEA found that China remains the lowest-cost producer of all clean energy technologies.
“Battery, wind and solar PV manufacturing facilities are typically 20 percent to 30 percent more expensive to build in India than in China, and 70 percent to 130 percent more in the US and Europe,” the IEA said.
It added: “However, the vast majority of total production costs for these technologies; 70 percent to 98 percent, is estimated to come from operational costs, which include inputs such as energy, labor and materials — implying that production cost gaps seen today are not immutable and can be influenced by policy.”
Apart from China, the US, and the EU, other countries that heavily invested in clean energy technologies in recent years were India, Japan, and South Korea.
The report also highlighted that similar investments in Africa, Central America, and South America were negligible.
Multiple factors shape investments
The IEA revealed that cost is not the only factor that draws investments in the clean energy technology sector.
According to the think tank, several other factors, including the size of the domestic market, availability of skilled workers, and infrastructure readiness, are other crucial elements that shape the decisions of firms to invest in the sector.
“Policy interventions can therefore raise the attractiveness of investing in a given region without directly subsidizing the costs of manufacturing,” said the IEA.
It added: “Training and certification schemes for workers, compressing project lead times while maintaining environmental standards, enlarging domestic markets and reducing uncertainty with robust, stable climate policies are some key ‘low regret’ measures that can increase incentives to invest, irrespective of the role of direct incentives in industrial strategies.”
The report also underscored the vitality of research and development to increase the growth of clean energy manufacturing globally.
“While private-sector R&D can be stimulated by policies that promote manufacturing investment and experience, direct innovation support is also needed,” said the IEA.
The agency also noted that government initiatives, including R&D grants or loans, project finance, support for rapid prototyping, and promoting startups, will accelerate advancements in clean energy manufacturing.
